From 24 Australasia Autumn/winter 2021
澳門特區政府正在推動公共行政改革，急需擁有新技術和新思維的人才，從而把握大數據時代的機遇，改善公共服務。因應新需求，澳門大學社會科學學院院長、澳大發展基金會政治學與公共政策特聘教授胡偉星過去兩年推動大學開展了多項新課程和計劃。
In response to new demands, the Director of Social Sciences at the University of Macau and the Special Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the Australian Development Fund have launched several new courses and programs at the University of Hu Weiss over the past two years.
提升公務人員領導力和專業技能
澳大在1989年開辦首屆公共行政學士學位課程，推動公務員本地化，為澳門回歸祖國作好準備，其後逐漸增加不同層次的課程，30多年來培養了大批公共行政人才。
Australasia launched its first bachelor's degree course in public administration in 1989 to promote the localization of public servants in preparation for Macau's return to its homeland, and has gradually increased the number of classes at different levels, raising a large number of public administrators for more than 30 years.
胡教授說，澳門現在要把握粵港澳大灣區建設的機遇和運用科技改善公共服務，對公共行政的要求與日俱增。2019年12月，賀一誠就任澳門特區行政長官，指出公共行政改革是首要處理的工作。2020年9月，澳大成立公共行政培訓中心，委任胡教授為該中心行政委員會主席、法學院稅兵教授為中心主任。胡教授表示：「澳大是澳門唯一的綜合性公立大學，有責任也有條件為特區培養具前瞻視野和創新思維的公務人員。」
Professor Hu said that there is a growing demand for public administration in Macao to take advantage of the opportunities and use of technology for the improvement of public services in Hong Kong and the Gulf region. In December 2019, he took up the post of Executive Director of the Macau District, stating that public administration reform was a top priority. In September 2020, the Public Administration Training Centre was established in Australasia, appointing Professor Hu as its Chairman of the Executive Board and Professor of Tax Guards at the School of Law as its Director. Professor Hu said, "Australia is the only fully integrated public university in Australia, with responsibility and conditions for public officials responsible for the development of pre-observation and creative ideas for the region."
胡偉星教授
胡教授在2019年中加入澳大，之前是香港大學政治與公共行政學系主任，在港大任教近22載，不時應香港公務員事務局的邀請為公務員培訓課程授課。他認為港澳兩地的公務人員培訓都較為零散，缺乏類似內地、新加坡和英國等地較為全面的公務人員培訓院校。「因此，我們的公共行政培訓中心採取了更系統性、眼光更長遠的方式來培訓澳門公務人員，提升他們的領導力和專業技能。」
Professor Hu joined Australasia in mid-2019, formerly the Head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration of the University of Hong Kong, and has taught nearly 22 courses in Hong Kong at the invitation of the Hong Kong Public Service. He believes that the training of public officials in Hong Kong and Australia is more fragmented and lacks similar, Singapore and the United Kingdom, among others, as comprehensive public officials training institutions. “Therefore, our Public Administration Training Centre has taken a more systematic and far-sighted approach to training Macao public officials and upgrading their leadership and professional skills.”
2020年9月起，公共行政培訓中心開辦了三屆公務人員領導力培訓班，每屆為期三個月，每屆有約30名不同部門的公務人員參與脫產培訓，也在澳大校園住宿。培訓內容有四大模塊：一）憲法和基本法深度培訓，提升對國家和澳門的認同與忠誠；二）公共行政專業知識，提升工作能力；三）國情教育，著重了解與澳門和粵港澳大灣區息息相關的國家政策和發展；四）大數據和區塊鏈等新科技在公共行政的應用。學員也曾有機會與司局長面對面交流，到政府各部門和到杭州、深圳實地考察。
Since September 2020, the Public Administration Training and Training Centre has conducted three leadership training courses for public officials, each three months, with approximately 30 public officials from different ministries participating in the graduation training, as well as accommodation in Australian campuses. The training has four main modules: (a) advanced training in the Constitution and the Basic Law to raise awareness and loyalty to the country and Macau; (b) professional knowledge of public administration and capacity-building; (c) education in national affairs, focusing on national policies and developments relevant to Macau and Hong Kong; and (d) the use of new technologies, such as data and sector chains, in public administration.
胡教授滿意培訓班的成效：「這些公務人員對政府運作有了更深入、更全面的認識，能站在更高的角度思考改善公共行政。」他又相信，他們在培訓班拓展的人脈有利日後跨部門合作：「澳門公務人員較難調職，很少跨部門轉換職位。在這三個月，他們難得放下日常工作與其他部門的同事相處，有機會了解彼此部門的運作。」
Professor Hu was pleased with the results of the training course: "These public servants have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of government operations and are able to think about improving public administration from a higher angle." He also believed that they worked across sectors after the training sessions had been expanded: "Ombudsmans are more difficult to reassign and rarely change their posts across ministries. In these three months, it is hard for them to leave their day-to-day work with colleagues from other ministries and to get to know each other's operations."
胡偉星教授在澳大公共行政培訓中心與學生交流
新課程孕育英才
胡教授也推動社會科學學院開辦新的學位課程，包括專業型的公共行政博士學位課程、理學碩士學位（數據科學）課程的「智慧政務」範疇，以及文學碩士學位（傳播學）的「視覺傳播」範疇。學院還計劃與海內外知名院校合辦本科生和研究生課程，塑造更豐富的學習經歷。
Professor Hu has also initiated a new degree programme at the Faculty of Social Sciences, including a specialized PhD course in public administration, an example of "intellectual politics" for the Bachelor of Science (Mathematics) course, and a "Visual transmission" for the Master of Arts (Baccalaureate) programme. The Academy is also planning to co-organize undergraduate and postgraduate courses with renowned universities in China and abroad to shape a richer learning experience.
在香港大學，胡教授所在的政治與公共行政學系開辦了大中華地區首個英文授課的公共行政學博士（DPA）課程，來到澳大後他創辦了區內首個中文授課的公共行政博士學位課程，為政府、企業和非政府機構孕育英才。「該課程側重理論與實踐相結合，澳門和鄰近地區的學生可以繼續全職工作，晚間和週末到澳大研習，畢業前也能在職場發揮所學。」
At the University of Hong Kong, Professor Hu's Faculty of Political and Public Administration offered a PhD course in Public Administration (DPA) in the first English-language course in the Greater Central China Region, and since he came to Australasia, he created a PhD course in Chinese for government, business and non-governmental institutions to develop excellence. "This course combines theory and practice, so that students in Macau and the neighborhood can continue their full-time work, study later and later in the week in Australia, and work in the workplace before graduation."
胡教授也表示，數據科學和人工智能在公共行政的應用日趨廣泛，需要更多掌握新科技的公務人員，但澳門公共行政體系缺乏數據科學人才，有礙推動數據處理和數據共享文化。「因此，數據科學碩士課程的『智慧政務』專業範疇教導學生處理和分析數據，以及將分析結果圖像化呈現，這些都是新一代公務人員所需的重要技能。」
Professor Hu also said that while data science and artificial intelligence are becoming more widely used in public administration, requiring more public servants with new technologies, the Australian public administration lacks data scientists, hinders the development of a culture of data processing and data sharing. “Therefore, data science master's course of study in Wisdom teaches students to process and analyse data, and visualizes the results of the analysis, which are important skills for a new generation of public officials.”
此外，澳大社會科學學院與浙江大學公共管理學院在2021年7月成立智慧政務聯合研究中心。胡教授說，浙江省在大數據和智慧政務方面走在全國前列，不少成果源於浙大。「在新的聯合研究中心，我們會開發高效的方式，推動政府部門共享數據、以數據支持政策的制訂和評估、探索雲技術的新用途，為市民提供更便捷的公共服務。」
In addition, in July 2021, the Australian Faculty of Social Sciences and the Zhejiang University School of Public Administration set up a joint research centre for intelligent politics. Professor Hu said that Zhejiang Province was at the forefront of big statistics and intelligent politics and that many of the results had been significant. "In the new joint research centre, we will develop efficient ways to promote government departments to share data, develop and evaluate data in support of policy, explore new uses of cloud technology, and provide citizens with easier public services."
澳大社會科學學院與浙大公共管理學院成立智慧政務聯合研究中心
連結國際關係研究和大灣區發展
links international relations research and developments in the wider Gulf region
加入澳大以來，胡教授每天都有不少行政工作，但無阻他繼續研究國際關係。2021年7月，他與三位學者合著的《Contesting Revisionism: China, the United States, and the Transformation of International Order》（爭辯修正主義：中國、美國和國際秩序的轉變）由牛津大學出版社出版。
Since joining Australia, Prof. Hu has a lot of administrative work every day, but he is not prevented from continuing to study international relations. In July 2021, he was published by Oxford University Press, in collaboration with three scholars.
胡偉星教授與三位學者合著的《Contesting Revisionism: China, the United States, and the Transformation of International Order》 在2021年7月出版
胡教授說，傳統的國際關係理論認為新興大國是「修正主義國家」，它們會挑戰現有大國（守成大國）和推翻既有國際秩序，不少西方學者和政策制訂者依此將發展迅速的中國標籤為「修正主義國家」。這本新書提供大量證據駁斥此說。這本書通過比較中美兩國對國際關係基本原則和制度的遵守，兩國對國際條約和國際組織的參與程度，兩國與其他國家交往模式以及他們在聯合國機構的投票行為，指出新興大國並非必然是「修正主義國家」，而美國作為一個守成大國，卻在不斷破壞二戰後建立的國際秩序。
Professor Hu said that the traditional theory of international relations, which considers the new states to be "modernist states", would challenge the existing international order (as a nation) and overthrow it, with Western scholars and policy makers using the fast-growing China label as "modified states". This new book provides ample evidence to refute it. By comparing the observance of the basic principles and regimes of international relations between the United States and the United States, the extent of their participation in international treaties and organizations, their modes of engagement with other countries, and their voting in United Nations institutions, the United States is not necessarily an "modified nation", but, as a United States-based nation, continues to undermine the international order established after World War II.
胡教授說：「一個國家是否修正主義國家，取決於它在現有國際秩序的持份（stake）程度和在這種秩序下它的利益所在。很多證據顯示，中國堅定支持以聯合國體系為核心的國際秩序，過去數十年中國在這個國際秩序下取得巨大發展和經濟利益，近年也愈來愈積極參與全球治理體系，可見中國並非一個傳統國際關係理論所講的『修正主義國家』。」
Professor Hu said, "Does a country amend a nation depending on its ownership of and interest in the current international order? There is much evidence of China’s firm support for an international order with the United Nations system at its core, where China has achieved tremendous development and economic benefits over the past decades, and has become increasingly involved in the system of global governance in recent years, as China is not a revisionist country according to conventional international relations theory?"
在社會科學學院，胡教授身兼學院轄下的粵港澳大灣區研究中心主任。中心的研究方向包括將國際關係研究與大灣區發展連結起來，例如從歐盟國家的實踐汲取有助大灣區協同發展的經驗。胡教授解釋，在「一國兩制」原則下，粵港澳三地的經濟和法律制度不同，如要進一步推動區內貨物、資本和人員流動，或可參考歐盟社會處理類似問題的解決方案：「這些不僅是國際關係學者的研究方向，也是值得大灣區各地政府和智庫思考借鑒的課題。」
At the Faculty of Social Sciences, Professor Hu is also the director of the University’s Centre for Research in Hong Kong and the Gulf Region. The Centre’s research orientations include linking international relations research to developments in the wider Gulf region, such as learning from the experience of European Union countries that have helped the greater Gulf region to work together. Professor Hu explains that, under the “one country, two systems” principle, Hong Kong and Macao have different economic and legal systems, such as moving goods, capital and human mobility further in the region, or having access to solutions to similar problems in the European Union community: these are not only research directions for international relations, but also lessons for governments and think tanks in the wider Gulf region.
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论