记者近日调查发现，少数打着“虚拟货币能发横财”旗号的金融骗局，正是通过区块链虚拟货币、学习数字货币知识、“无风险代币”等手法诱导新用户入群——广大投资者应擦亮双眼，警惕炒币骗局。
A recent survey by journalists found that a small number of financial scams under the banner of “virtual currency makes a fortune” were designed to induce new users to join the group by means of block chains of virtual currency, learning about digital money, and “risk-free tokens” — investors in general should be able to shine their eyes and be wary of currency ploys.
由“老师”“专家”“币圈意见领袖”直播教学、投资价值盘、带头致富——不少投资者可能对这样的虚拟货币公司“获客”手法并不陌生。事实上，部分名义上是金融数字货币培训、区块链货币技术展示的微信群，一旦拉入新人就抓紧时间“洗脑”，一场谋划已久的骗局伴随着“新韭菜们”一夜暴富的炒币梦开始。
The “teachers” “experts” “the currency-crowd leaders” live to teach, invest in value sheets, and take the lead in wealth-making – a virtual money company that many investors may be familiar with. In fact, part of the name is the micro-credits for training in financial digital money, for the demonstration of block-chain money technology, and once a newcomer is introduced, it is “brainwashed” that a long-schemed scheme has been accompanied by the all-nightly-rich currency-eating dream of the “new pickles.”
“击鼓传花”的游戏
Game of Beating Flowers
“目前资金存取管理这么严，到哪都得实名制，怎么才能‘不留痕迹’将国外合作方的‘回扣’转到我名下呀?”在北京某外贸企业工作的小张，最近在一位“神秘牛人”的微信“建议”下打起了偷拿海外回扣的主意。
“How can a foreign partner’s ‘retardation’ be transferred to my name ‘without a trace’ if the money is so heavily managed at the moment that it has become a real name everywhere?” Zhang, who works for a foreign trade firm in Beijing, recently made the idea of stealing a foreign kickback under the “advice” of a “mysterious cow.”
“牛人”自称能告知其最隐蔽的资金转移妙招：“我们这个互联网平台的虚拟货币可实现跨境交易，国内买入境外卖出，隐蔽无限额。这可是采用了先进的区块链技术，安全匿名，全球通用，还能升值赚收益。”
The Cowman claims to be able to inform him of the most hidden ways of transferring money: “Our virtual currency on the Internet platform allows for cross-border transactions, domestic buy-in and out-of-country sales, hidden and unlimited. This is based on advanced block chain technology, safe anonymity, universal access, and appreciation of earnings.”
果真如此吗?小张将7年合作回扣尽数转到“牛人”推荐的互联网平台购买虚拟货币后不久，网站再也登录不上去，所谓“牛人”的微信也不见踪影。
Is that true? Soon after Xiao Zhang transferred seven years of cooperation to the Internet platform recommended by the Bull Man to buy virtual money, the site was no longer available, and the so-called Bull Man's micro-letters were not visible.
追悔莫及的小张最后从公安民警那里得到了真相：原来，不法分子利用虚拟货币匿名化与去中心化特点“洗钱”。以某特币、某代币为代表的虚拟货币已成为犯罪分子的工具之一，像小张这样吃亏的大有人在。
In the end, he learned the truth from the Public Security Police: formerly, the outlaws used virtual currency anonymity and decentralized “money-laundering.” Virtual currency, represented by a special currency or a generation currency, had become one of the tools of criminals, with the majority of those who suffered as a result.
与小张不同，刚参加工作的小李总想着发横财，并接到“梦寐以求”的电话——“您好，我是代币空间的客服，现特邀请您加入我们的贵宾虚拟货币圈交流群，分享赚钱经验。”小李最终被诱惑，加入一个名为“币圈粉丝社区”的微信群。一些“老师”“专家”起初在群里科普币圈资讯、分析行情、讲解“数字货币”知识，为后期互动“铺路”，小李听了深信不疑，却在投资买了数千元虚拟货币不久，被客服踢出微信群。
Unlike Xiao Chang, Li, who has just joined the work force, always wanted to be rich and received a phone call from “the dreamer”: “Hello, I am a guest in the token space, and I now invite you to join our guest virtual currency exchange group to share your experience.” Li was lured into joining a community of micro-letters called the “crowd fan community.” Some of the “teachers” “experts” were initially in the crowd in information, analysis, interpretation of “digital currency” knowledge, paving the way for later interactions, listening to Li’s conviction, but shortly after investing thousands of dollars in virtual currency, he was kicked out of a group of micro-credits by guests’ uniforms.
类似这样不法机构打着数字货币的幌子“蹭热点”、开展金融诈骗的案例并不鲜见。在部分业内人士看来，普通投资者分不清虚拟货币和数字货币，加之近期数字货币新闻不断，给拆穿相关骗局带来难度。
Cases of financial fraud under the guise of “hot spots” and financial fraud by illegal institutions like this are not uncommon. In part of the industry, ordinary investors do not know the difference between virtual and digital currencies, and recent digital currency news continues to make it difficult to break through the scheme.
光大证券分析师孔蓉提醒，不法分子常用虚拟货币诈骗具有几大特征：一是将非法所得通过虚拟货币转到海外平台，换成外币存入海外账户或再转回国内;二是自行发行虚拟货币，用类似传销方式吸引他人集资购买，骗取钱款;三是在无需实名认证的境外赌博网站，用虚拟货币支付赌资，隐藏资金来源;四是将非法所得通过虚拟货币购物，拿到物品后售出获得现金，掩盖资金来源。
Larger securities analysts, Confucius, reminds that several features of virtual currency fraud are common among outlaws: first, the transfer of illicit proceeds to foreign platforms through virtual currency, the exchange of foreign currency into foreign accounts or their re-transfer to the country; second, the issuance of virtual currencies on their own to attract others to purchase money in a similar way; third, the payment of money in virtual currency and the concealment of the source of funds on an offshore gambling website that does not require authentic certification; and fourth, the sale of illicit proceeds through virtual currency shopping, the receipt of goods and the subsequent sale of cash to conceal the source of funds.
认清“李鬼”的虚假属性
recognizes the false properties of Li Giang
玩数字货币概念，是虚拟货币骗局中最常用的手法。那么，虚拟货币与数字货币究竟是何关系?招联金融首席研究员董希淼认为，中央银行数字货币是基于清算方式而出现的现钞之外的“记账货币”。其基于区块链等互联网新技术，融合了加密电子货币体系的数字货币，是中央银行发行的另一种形态法币。简而言之，它是数字化的人民币，目的是替代现金(纸币、硬币)成为中国的法定货币，是货币供给中的M0(现钞)。由于担心纸钞可能传播病毒，新冠肺炎疫情成为各国发行央行数字货币的催化剂。目前，世界各国央行都在发展数字货币。
The concept of digital currency is one of the most common methods used in virtual currency scams. So, what is the relationship between virtual and digital money?
数字货币有两方面特点：一是国家信用背书，具有无限法偿性与强制性。二是币值稳定，适用于各类经济交易活动。
Digital currencies are characterized by two characteristics: national credit endorsements, with unlimited legal equivalency and mandatoryity.
虚拟货币又是什么?业内并无统一概念，一般认为，这是一种电子或数字产品，如Q币、比特币等。董希淼认为，虚拟货币本质上不是货币，而是一种虚拟商品。因为缺乏足够信用支撑，虚拟货币无法承担法定货币职能，且不能作为货币在市场上流通使用，公民投资与交易虚拟货币不受法律保护。目前，各国对虚拟货币的监管规则与尺度不一，但多数国家将虚拟货币视为私人部门的某类产品。
There is no uniform concept of a virtual currency, and it is generally considered to be an electronic or digital product, such as Queens, Bitcoins, etc. Dong Chijun argues that a virtual currency is not essentially a currency, but rather a virtual commodity. Because of the lack of sufficient credit support, a virtual currency cannot assume a statutory monetary function and cannot be used as a currency in the market, and a virtual currency for citizen investment and transactions is not protected by law.
中南财经政法大学数字经济研究院执行院长盘和林表示：“虚拟货币特指以区块链为技术基础的虚拟货币，其作为货币仍存争议，在国外更多将其定位为商品。比如，比特币等虚拟货币更多将其划归期货范畴。”
The Executive Director of the Institute of Digital Economy of the University of Central and Southern Finance and Economic Law stated: “The virtual currency refers to a virtual currency based on the block chain, which is still controversial as a currency, and which is more often placed as a commodity abroad. For example, virtual currencies such as Bitcoin are more placed in futures.”
大多数私人发行虚拟货币的背后并无实际兑付渠道与资产担保，因此实际上发行以区块链为技术基础的虚拟货币一般被视为一种融资，在没有信用保障前提下风险非常大。但有一点，由于国际非公开货币流通渠道有较大需求，比特币以先发优势在私人铸币领域获得一定支付保障，这使得比特币虽是私人铸币，但获得了部分市场认可，成为一种事实上的支付方式，但未来是否可持续发展，仍具有较大不确定性。
Most private-issued virtual currencies do not have physical payment channels and asset guarantees behind them, and the issuance of virtual currencies based on a block chain of technology is therefore generally regarded as a source of finance, with great risk in the absence of credit guarantees. But, because of the greater demand for international non-public currency channels, bitcoins receive some guarantee of payment in the area of private moorings, which makes Bitcoins, while private moorings, partially recognized by the market as a de facto form of payment, there is still considerable uncertainty as to whether they will be sustainable in the future.
风险防控从不存侥幸开始
risk prevention never happens.
实际上，虚拟货币宣称应用的区块链技术本身并无“罪过”。金牛理财网分析师宫曼琳认为，区块链技术就像一个完整的、分布式、不记名、不可篡改的账本。这个账本可以在各个使用者之间自由传递，既提高了使用安全，又增加了信息传播效率，能帮助各个行业提升技术安全水平——即便不在货币领域应用，目前在其他金融领域也有不少应用案例。
In fact, the virtual currency claims that the block chain technology applied is not in itself a “crime.” In the view of the Golden Bull financial network analyst, Miyagi Manlin, the block chain technology is a complete, distributed, anonymous, and inexorable account book. This account could have been freely transmitted among users, increasing security of use and efficiency of information dissemination, and helping industries to upgrade technological security — even if not applied in the monetary sphere, there are many other financial applications.
那么，不法分子为何盯上区块链技术应用的个案——虚拟货币呢?答案之一是虚拟货币无担保且价格弹性很高。通俗地说，虚拟货币价格涨跌几乎全看互联网平台的“脸色”，且成本极低。
So, why are the outlaws looking at the case of the application of block chain technology – virtual currency? One answer is that virtual money is unsecured and price elastic. In general terms, virtual currency prices rise and fall almost entirely to the “face” of Internet platforms, and at minimal cost.
我们来看一个真实案例：2016年，张某在境外注册“××区块链控股公司”，通过微信营销，诱骗公众购买“虚拟货币”与生产“虚拟货币”的矿机。初期，他采取给投资者一定返利、拉下线、收取入门费、层层提成等方式骗取资金。资金往来多采用网上银行、手机银行等方式，诈骗资金被迅速用于购买房产、车辆等。此案涉及受害者约16万名，金额2亿多元，而张某自身投入几乎可以忽略不计。
In 2016, Zhang, an offshore registered “x-block chain holding company”, lured the public to buy “virtual currency” and to produce “virtual currency” machines through micro-credit marketing. In the beginning, he cheated money by offering investors certain returns, pulling down lines, charging entry fees, building up layers. More often, online banking, mobile banking, and so on, fraudulent funds were quickly used to purchase property, vehicles, etc. The case involved about 160,000 victims, with more than 200 million dollars in value, while some of his own inputs could hardly be ignored.
到底该如何预防虚拟货币骗局?广大投资者首先应注意：虚拟货币投资与交易不受法律保护，任何试图逾越红线者均不可心存侥幸，通过虚拟货币“洗钱”、投资虚拟货币一夜暴富、通过虚拟货币非法集资等行为必将受到法律严惩。
What should be done to prevent virtual currency scams? Investors at large should first note that virtual currency investments and transactions are not protected by law, that no one who tries to cross the red line can survive it, and that the “money-laundering” of virtual currency, the overnight enrichment of investment virtual currency, the illegal collection of funds through virtual money, etc. will be severely punished by law.
针对部分不法机构打着区块链与金融创新“旗号”，推行所谓“虚拟货币”“虚拟资产”“数字资产”，租用境外服务器搭建网站，声称获得境外优质区块链项目投资额度，可以代为投资赚取高收益，并声称“高收益低风险”的理财产品等行为，投资者要保持高度警惕，这些行为极可能是涉嫌虚拟货币的诈骗行为。
Investors are highly vigilant against such practices as the “false” chain of blocks and financial innovation, the so-called “virtual currency” “virtual assets” “digital assets”, the use of off-shore servers to build websites, the claim that they have access to investment in high-quality offshore block chain projects that can generate high returns for their investments, and the claim that there is a “high-yield low-risk” property that is highly suspected of fraud in virtual currency.
盘和林表示，虚拟货币无担保物并由私人发行，没有安全保障，但拥有价格弹性，可以涨得很高。值得注意的是，私人发行的虚拟货币价格波动基本遵循金字塔结构，又叫作“庞氏骗局”和“击鼓传花”。如今，大量虚拟货币公司之所以依然存在，是由于当前对虚拟货币界定依然模糊，尤其是比特币成为一种事实货币这一点，对很多投资者产生了误导。然而，人们对于新模式的理解有时是渐进式的，先让其发展看一看是否可行，也是对待新技术的一种方式。
It is worth noting that private issues of virtual currency price volatility largely follow the pyramid structure, also known as the “Ponzi con” and the “during flower.” Today, a large number of virtual money companies still exist because the current definition of virtual currency remains vague, especially as bitcoin becomes a de facto currency, misleading many investors.
对于遏制币圈乱象，盘和林开出了两张“药方”：一是完全禁止无担保体系的虚拟货币，禁止私人滥用虚拟货币融资等;二是可将私人铸币定性为股权融资，将其定性为投资品，必须提供担保与兑付保证等。然而，目前我国投资人适当性教育仍不是很成熟，因此一定的投资者教育先行非常必要，对于相关领域的发展切不可操之过急。
Two “pharmacists” have been created to curb currency turmoil: a complete ban on virtual currency in an unsecured system, a ban on private abuse of virtual currency financing, and so on; and a characterization of private sedentary coins as equity financing, as investment goods, and the need to provide guarantees and bonds. However, proper sex education for our investors is still not very mature, so some investor education is necessary, and development in the field cannot be overstretched.
经济日报记者 周 琳
Journalist of the Economic Daily.
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论