比特币平台乱象：洗钱与虚假交易横行 火币网被诉操纵市场

　　比特币平台乱象：洗钱、虚假交易、被诉操纵市场

币行曾被不法分子利用从事洗钱活动，称已升级反洗钱措施；BTC100存在虚假交易情况

　　新京报记者获悉，有关部门在对火币网的现场检查中发现，部分投资者因为爆仓而将火币起诉至海淀区法院，控告其操纵市场。据悉，海淀区法院已经以期货纠纷立案，并表示近期将着手审理此案。

Reporters from the New Kyoto newspaper were informed that, during a live inspection of the Treasure Network, the authorities had found that some investors had sued the Seadian District Court for the explosion of the warehouse, accusing them of market manipulation. According to the information received, the District Court had already opened a case with a view to opening a cargo dispute and had indicated that it would proceed with the case in the near future.

　　据海淀法院网，原告陈先生认为，其受火币网工作人员推介和高杠杆诱惑，购买了比特币和莱特币，并以购买的比特币在火币网提供的链接网站上申请二十倍的相应金额，进行虚拟货币的二十倍杠杆期货交易。

According to the Haidian Court Network, the plaintiff, Mr. Chen, argued that he had been lured by a gunnet staff member to purchase Bitcoin and Lightcoin and to apply for twenty times the corresponding amount for a virtual currency-led futures transaction on a link site provided by the gunnet.

　　“由于火币网的虚拟货币交易被火币网及内部人员操纵，并通过控制后台数据、虚假成交、突然拉升或下跌导致会员爆仓等方式进行虚假交易，导致陈先生在两年里亏损十几万元。”海淀法院网上文章称。

“Mr. Chen lost hundreds of thousands of dollars in two years as a result of virtual currency transactions on the gunnet that were manipulated by the gunnet and insiders and made false transactions by controlling backstage data, making false deals, suddenly pulling up or falling into the Member's warehouse.” The Oceanic Court's online articles claim.

　　目前，火币网已经下线了杠杆交易，并开始征收交易手续费，但投资者提出，仍然存在一些“异常”行情。不少投资者认为自己被“割了韭菜”。

At present, the ring has been de-leveraged and has begun to charge transaction fees, but investors suggest that there are still some “unusual” behaviors. Many investors think they've been cut.

　　“以太坊之前开盘价竟然直接拉高到9999，远高于其他平台，这几天最低点又不到1000元一枚了。”新晋“入坑”的数字货币玩家张杰怀疑，是不是有庄家在操纵市场？

“The opening price of the house was raised directly to 9999, far higher than the other platforms, and the lowest of these days is less than $1,000 apiece.” Jang Jie, a digital money player in the new ‘into the pit’, wonders if there are dealers running the market?

　　7月17日，火币网方面对新京报记者表示，目前已经按照监管部门的要求升级了反洗钱流程，而对于有投资者质疑操纵交易，火币平台仅作为撮合方，以太坊“9999”的价格是投资者市场交易的一个结果。对投资者起诉一事，火币网方面称尚未收到上述该案正式开庭的通知书。

On 17 July, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea announced to the New Kyoto newspaper journalists that the anti-money-laundering process had now been upgraded as required by the regulatory authorities, while in the case of investors contesting the manipulation of transactions, the tender platform served only as a broker and was the result of an investor's market transaction at a price of “9999” in Taipan. In the case of investor prosecutions, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea reported that it had not received a formal notice to open the case.

　　挖矿暴富？有“矿池”偷“矿工”算力

Exploited Treasure?

　　在行情暴涨暴跌的环境下，数字货币挖矿的行业再一次走到了台前。“现在的行情跟2013年那阵子很像。”比特币玩家黄洪（化名）说，他曾经是一名“挖矿者”。

The industry of digital money mining has once again come to the fore in an environment of high and low levels of passion. “The situation is similar to that of 2013.” Bitcoin player Huang Hong said he was once a miner.

　　2013年，在多轮利好刺激下，比特币价格从2月份不到200元/枚，在11月冲上7000元的高线，涨了数十倍；12月5日，监管层明确，比特币不是法定货币并提示风险，此后比特币在半年内近乎腰斩，并长期在低位徘徊。

In 2013, the price of Bitcoin rose dozens of times from less than 200 yuan in February to a high of $7,000 in November, and on 5 December, when it became clear that Bitcoin was not a legal currency and raised risks, it was followed by a six-month beheading and a long-term low.

　　“我是看着它涨到2000、3000、4000。”说起当年的大牛市，黄洪仍有些“心痒痒”。

"I was watching it rise to 2,000, 3,000, 4,000." Speaking of the bulls of the year, Huang Hung was still somewhat “heavy”.

　　当年10月份，黄洪准备了10万块钱，准备辞职挖矿。

In October of that year, Huang Hong had prepared $100,000 to resign to mine.

　　“一个矿机6个显卡，最后组了三台。”但他还是亏了钱，“电费一天一百。都是找那些便宜电的地方，等你把矿机的钱挖出来基本上矿机也就报废了。”

"A miner has six cards, and finally three." But he's still losing money, "A hundred a day. It's all in those cheap places, and when you dig up the miner's money, it's basically out."

　　另一名入行较早的“矿工”杨冰（化名）对新京报记者表示，“事实上，比特币计算难度上升迅速，加上电费消耗巨大，一般矿机的生命周期只有6-9个月，之后挖出的比特币价值可能还没法支付消耗的电费，就要报废了。”

Another earlier “miner”, Yang Ice, said to the New Kyoto newspaper journalist, “in fact, the difficulty of calculating Bitcoin has increased rapidly, and the electricity costs are so high that the average miner has a life cycle of only six to nine months, and then the value of the bitcoin extracted may not have been able to pay for the electricity consumed, and it will be scrapped.”

　　随着比特币挖掘难度增加，比特币挖矿逐渐成为高投入、高风险的行业。据比特范网站提供的数据显示，预计8月15日上市的阿瓦隆A741新型矿机，每台售价6500元，每天用电成本16.56元，在目前每枚13000元的基础上，仍要1年半的时间才能收回成本。

As bitcoin digs become more difficult, Bitcoin digs become a high-intensity, high-risk industry. According to data from the Bitvan website, it is expected that the A741 new mine will be marketed on August 15 at a cost of $6,500 per machine and $16.56 per day for electricity, which will take one and a half years to recover from the $13,000 currently available.

　　黄洪和杨冰们还面临着“矿池偷算力”的可能。比特币挖矿，首先是记账，要想在众人中抢到记账权，需要解开数学题，计算机算力越强越有可能解开。记账后系统会奖励比特币。所以个人挖矿类似中彩票。因为是概率问题，所以矿工联合算力，能够获得固定收益。比特币社区出现“矿池”组织，即联合矿工的算力进行运算，收益按照矿工贡献算力的百分比分配。

Yellow Hong and Yang Ice also face the possibility of “stealing in the ponds”. Bitcoin digs, first and foremost, billing, need to solve mathematical problems, and computer computing is more likely to break down. The after-book system rewards bitcoins. So personal digs are similar to lottery tickets. Because of probability problems, miners can get a fixed return. Bitco’s community has a “pool” organization, the joint miner’s arithmetic, which is distributed according to the percentage of the miner’s contribution.

　　徐洋（化名）曾从事过矿池的管理工作，据他介绍：目前矿池明面的盈利来源是分配收益时的手续费、对外出售算力等。“以目前占据全球18%算力的蚂蚁矿池为例，该矿池根据虚拟币种类不同，实行3%到5%不等的手续费。”

Xu-yang has been involved in the management of the ponds, which, according to him, are currently the source of profit from the distribution of revenues, external sales and so on. “For example, the ant pond, which currently accounts for 18 per cent of the world's capacity, is charged between 3 and 5 per cent depending on the type of virtual currency.”

　　徐洋称，不规范的平台会偷取算力，矿池运营者有技术可以偷偷让算力在其他虚拟币上挖矿，来给自己牟利，这就侵犯了矿工的利益。

Xu Yoyo claims that unregulated platforms can exploit arithmetical power and that the miners'interests are violated by the technology of pit operators that can secretly allow them to mine in other virtual currencies for their own benefit.

　　那为什么还能吸引这么多的矿工呢？在黄洪看来，“大家嘴里骂着骗钱，心里何尝不想靠这些暴富呢？”

So why attract so many miners? According to Huang Hong, "Why don't you want to be rich?"

　　业内：平台需规范，投资者需擦亮眼

Industry: Platforms need to be regulated and investors need to shine their eyes

　　虽然名字里有个“币”，但央行对于比特币的性质早有明确：2013年，人民银行等五部委发布了《关于防范比特币风险的通知》，明确比特币作为一种特定的虚拟商品，不具有与货币等同的法律地位，不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。

Although there is a “currency” in the name, the Central Bank has long been clear about the nature of Bitcoin: in 2013, five ministries, including the People’s Bank, issued a Notice on Protection against Bitcoin Risk, making it clear that Bitcoin, as a particular virtual commodity, does not have legal status equivalent to money and cannot and should not be used as a currency in the market.

　　在前一天暴涨随后一度下跌20%后，2017年1月6日，央行上海总部、营业管理部（北京）约谈国内三大比特币交易所主要负责人，让其针对近期异常情况开展自查，并进行相应清理整顿。

On 6 January 2017, following a 20 per cent drop in the previous day's surge, the Central Bank's Shanghai headquarters, the Department of Operations Management (Beijing), interviewed the country's three main heads of the Bitcoin exchange to conduct a self-censorship of recent anomalies and clean it up accordingly.

　　1月11日，央行对三家比特币平台开展现场检查。1月18日，央行上海总部表示，“比特币中国”交易平台存在超范围经营、违规开展配资业务等问题；北京营管部则称，“币行”“火币网”违规开展融资融币业务，也未按规定建立相关反洗钱内控制度，此后三家平台陆续公告已暂停融资融币业务，并开始征收交易费。

On January 11, the Central Bank conducted an on-site inspection of the three Bitcoin platforms. On January 18, the Central Bank's Shanghai headquarters stated that the Bitcoin trading platform had over-extended operations, and that there were irregularities in the matching of funds; and on January 18, the Beijing Battalion Management Department stated that the “cheap” network had violated the law and had not established the relevant internal controls to combat money-laundering, and that the three platforms had announced that they had suspended their financing operations and started collecting transaction fees.

　　根据三家平台的公告，目前三家平台均已落实央行要求，升级了有关系统，并逐步恢复了比特币提币业务。

According to the announcement of the three platforms, all three have now implemented the central bank requirements, upgraded the system and gradually resumed the Bitcoin currency business.

　　对于目前数字货币圈的一些乱象，金融分析师肖磊对新京报记者表示，交易平台目前存在不少问题。

In response to some of the distortions in the current digital currency circles, the financial analyst Xiao Xiao said to the New Kyoto newspaper journalists that there were problems with the trading platform.

　　“首先是投资者因断网等造成的损失，无法得到赔偿。”他指出，交易平台虽然没有主动断网的动机，但相关约束条件不够，就算断网，也没有太大的法律层面的压力。

“First of all, investors are unable to obtain compensation for losses caused by, inter alia, disconnection.” He pointed out that, while trading platforms were not motivated to do so, the relevant constraints were inadequate and, if not, there was no significant legal pressure to do so.

　　肖磊认为，这就导致平台本身只能靠自律来应对很多潜在有损投资者的问题，那些不打算长期做服务的平台，可能就容易故意制造问题，损害投资者利益，比如恶意跑路等。

In Shaw’s view, this has led the platform itself to rely on self-regulation to deal with many potentially detrimental issues to investors, and platforms that do not intend to serve in the long term may easily create problems deliberately to the detriment of investors, such as malicious runs.

　　国际层面上出现过多次平台的风险事件，包括被认为是全球最大比特币交易平台的Mt.Gox由于系统漏洞损失大量比特币，最终破产令不少投资者血本无归；国内也有玩家在比特币平台上被盗比特币的先例。

There have been a number of platform risk events at the international level, including Mt. Gox, considered to be the largest Bitcoin trading platform in the world, which lost a large amount of bitcoins due to systemic loopholes, and which ended up bankrupting many investors; there is also a domestic precedent for players to steal bitcoins from bitcoins on the Bitcoin platform.

　　对于投资者，专家提醒，在面对所谓的“数字货币”面前一定要擦亮眼睛，包括近来异常火爆的ICO融资。

In the case of investors, experts cautioned that it was important to shine eyes in the face of so-called “digital currencies”, including the recent unusually hot ICO financing.

　　ICO即区块链企业通过众筹的方式在交易平台或某种场合发行自己的代币，换取比特币、以太币来实现融资的目的。

The ICO, a block chain enterprise, issues its own currency in exchange for bitcoin in exchange for the purpose of financing by means of public fund-raising, either on a trading platform or on some occasion.

　　不少业内人士指出，同样存在一些人打着ICO的旗号，仅靠PPT、几个业余团队行“非法集资”之实。

A number of practitioners have pointed out that there are also people who “unlawfully raise funds” in the name of ICO and on the basis of PPT and a few amateur teams.

　　“由于信息不对称，投资者在这些所谓的数字货币项目上要非常小心。”华为区块链专家黄连金说，“有些团队ICO成功也是虚假成功，它（平台方）先坐庄，把价格拉到很高，再把它抛掉。”

“In view of the asymmetry of information, investors have to be very careful in these so-called digital money projects.” Huang Quanqin, an expert in the chain of China, said, “Some teams of ICOs have been successful, and they (the platform) sit down, raise prices high, and then throw them away.”

　　黄连金看好区块链技术的发展和未来。他认为，结合云计算、大数据等技术，区块链拥有相当的潜力，但同时也给监管提出了新命题。

Yellow Gold looks at the development and future of block chain technology. In his view, the block chain has considerable potential in combination with cloud computing, big data, etc., but it also raises new questions for regulation.

　　肖磊认为，区块链和ICO等技术，都没有问题，问题是，很多ICO都是现有这些交易平台给做的，相当于承销和宣传。“技术在整个链条上占的比重越来越小，因此（如果出现问题），该追究的主要还是相关从业机构。”

In Shaw's view, technology such as block chains and ICOs is not problematic; the problem is that many ICOs are created by these existing trading platforms, which are equivalent to underwriting and advertising. “The technology is becoming less and less important in the whole chain, so, if there is a problem, it is primarily the relevant industry.”

　　新京报记者 宓迪 王全浩

Newjing newspaper journalist & nbsp; Jody & nbsp; Wang Quang Ho