數字人民幣（DC/EP ,Digital Currency Electronic Payment）-中國央行數字貨幣、DCEP
Dollars (DC/EP, Digital Policy Electric Payment) - Central Bank of China Digital Currency, DCEP
數字人民幣是人民銀行發行的數字形式的法定貨幣，由指定運營機構參與運營，以廣義賬戶體係為基礎，支持銀行賬戶松耦合功能，與實物人民幣等價，具有價值特征和法償性。其主要含義是：
The digitized people's currency is the statutory currency issued by the People's Bank in the form of a digit, operated with the participation of a designated operating agency, based on a broad-based account, which supports the uncoupled function of the bank account and has value characteristics and legal viability, such as the real currency.
第一，數字人民幣是央行發行的法定貨幣。一是數字人民幣具備貨幣的價值尺度、交易媒介、價值貯藏等基本功能，與實物人民幣一樣是法定貨幣。二是數字人民幣是法定貨幣的數字形式。
First, the digit renminbi is the statutory currency issued by the central bank. First, , value collection is a legal currency, like the real currency.
從貨幣發展和改革歷程看，貨幣形態隨著科技進步、經濟活動發展不斷演變，實物、金屬鑄幣、紙幣均是相應歷史時期發展進步的產物。數字人民幣發行、流通管理機制與實物人民幣一致，但以數字形式實現價值轉移。三是數字人民幣是央行對公眾的負債，以國家信用為支撐，具有法償性。
According to the history of currency development and reform, the currency has evolved as a result of technological advances and changes in economic activity. Real goods, metal coins, paper coins are the product of progress in historical development.
第二，數字人民幣採取中心化管理、雙層運營。數字人民幣發行權屬於國家，人民銀行在數字人民幣運營體系中處於中心地位，負責向作為指定運營機構的商業銀行發行數字人民幣併進行全生命周期管理，指定運營機構及相關商業機構負責向社會公眾提供數字人民幣兌換和流通服務。
Second, the digital renminbi is managed centrally and operates in two layers. The number of renminbi issues belongs to the state, and the People's Bank is central in the system of digital renminbi operations. It is responsible for managing the whole life cycle of , People's Dollar , which designates the operating and related business institutions to provide digital people's currency exchange and circulation services to the public.
第三，數字人民幣主要定位於現金類支付憑證（M0），將與實物人民幣長期並存。數字人民幣與實物人民幣都是央行對公眾的負債，具有同等法律地位和經濟價值。數字人民幣將與實物人民幣並行發行，人民銀行會對二者共同統計、協同分析、統籌管理。
Third, the digital renminbi is located primarily in the cash payment certificate (M0), which will be accompanied by the real renminbi for a long period of time. Both the renminbi and the real renminbi are the central bank's debt to the public, with the equivalent of and .
國際經驗表明，支付手段多樣化是成熟經濟體的基本特征和內在需要。中國作為地域廣闊、人口眾多、多民族融合、區域發展差異大的大國，社會環境以及居民的支付習慣、年齡結構、安全性需求等因素決定了實物人民幣具有其他支付手段不可替代的優勢。只要存在對實物人民幣的需求，人民銀行就不會停止實物人民幣供應或以行政命令對其進行替換。
International experience has shown that is an essential feature of a mature economy and an inherent need. China, as a vast country with a large population, multi-ethnic integration, 第四，數字人民幣是一種零售型央行數字貨幣,主要用於滿足國內零售支付需求。央行數字貨幣根據用戶和用途不同可分為兩類，一種是批髮型央行數字貨幣，主要面向商業銀行等機構類主體發行，多用於大額結算；另一種是零售型央行數字貨幣，面向公眾發行並用於日常交易。各主要國家或經濟體研發央行數字貨幣的重點各有不同，有的側重批發交易，有的側重零售系統效能的提高。數字人民幣是一種面向社會公眾發行的零售型央行數字貨幣，其推出將立足國內支付系統的現代化，充分滿足公眾日常支付需要，進一步提高零售支付系統效能，降低全社會零售支付成本。
Fourth, the digit renminbi is a retail currency /a>, which is used primarily to meet domestic demand. The central bank digit currency can be divided into two categories depending on the user and use, one is a wholesale central bank's digit currency, which is used mainly for business banks and other institutions, which are used for large sums; the other is a retail central bank's digit currency, which is used for public development and is used for day-to-day transactions. 第五，在未來的數字化零售支付體系中，數字人民幣和指定運營機構的電子賬戶資金具有通用性，共同構成現金類支付工具。
Fifth, in the future digitized retail payment system, is generic and collectively constructed as a cash payment tool. 商業銀行和持牌非銀行支付機構在全面持續遵守合規（包括反洗錢、反恐怖融資）及風險監管要求，且獲央行認可支持的情況下，可以參與數字人民幣支付服務體系，並充分發揮現有支付等基礎設施作用，為客戶提供數字化零售支付服務。
and licensed non-bank paying institutions in full and continuous compliance (including , anti-terror financing) and risk management requirements, and where central banks have recognized support, they can participate in digital people's coins to pay the service system and fully operate such foundational services as payments that exist to provide clients with digital retail payment services. 中國研發數字人民幣體系，旨在創建一種以滿足數字經濟條件下公眾現金需求為目的、數字形式的新型人民幣，配以支持零售支付領域可靠穩健、快速高效、持續創新、開放競爭的金融基礎設施，支撐中國數字經濟發展，提升普惠金融發展水平，提高貨幣及支付體系運行效率。
China has developed a digital currency system designed to create a new currency in the form of with the aim of satisfying 法定貨幣的渠道，並通過現金的數字化來保障數字經濟條件下記賬單位的統一性。數字人民幣體系將進一步降低公眾獲得金融服務的門檻，保持對廣泛群體和各種場景的法定貨幣供應。沒有銀行賬戶的社會公眾可通過數字人民幣錢包享受基礎金融服務，短期來華的境外居民可在不開立中國內地銀行賬戶情況下開立數字人民幣錢包，滿足在華日常支付需求。數字人民幣“支付即結算”特性也有利於企業及有關方面在享受支付便利的同時，提高資金周轉效率。
As digital technology and electronic payments have developed, the use of cash in retail payment fields has been declining, but the central bank, as a public ministry, has a legal obligation to maintain the ownership of 二是支持零售支付領域的公平、效率和安全。數字人民幣將為公眾提供一種新的通用支付方式，可提高支付工具多樣性，有助於提升支付體系效率與安全。中國一直支持各種支付方式協調發展，數字人民幣與一般電子支付工具處於不同維度，既互補也有差異。數字人民幣基於 M0定位，主要用於零售支付，以提升金融普惠水平為宗旨，借鑒電子支付技術和經驗並對其形成有益補充。雖然支付功能相似，數字人民幣和電子支付工具也存在一定差異：一是數字人民幣是國家法定貨幣，是安全等級最高的資產。二是數字人民幣具有價值特征，可在不依賴銀行賬戶的前提下進行價值轉移，並支持離線交易，具有“支付即結算”特性。三是數字人民幣支持可控匿名，有利於保護個人隱私及用戶信息安全。
The number of yuan will provide the public with a new generic , which will increase which will help to increase the efficiency and security of the payment system. China has supported the development of payment methods, which vary from https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E94%E%94%E5%B%B5%" payment tool, which will be used mainly to boost 三是積極響應國際社會倡議，探索改善跨境支付。社會各界對數字人民幣在實現跨境使用、促進人民幣國際化等方面較為關註。跨境支付涉及貨幣主權、外匯管理政策、匯兌制度安排和監管合規要求等眾多複雜問題，也是國際社會共同致力推動解決的難題。貨幣國際化是一個自然的市場選擇過程，國際貨幣地位根本上由經濟基本面以及貨幣金融市場的深度、效率、開放性等因素決定。數字人民幣具備跨境使用的技術條件，但當前主要用於滿足國內零售支付需要。未來，人民銀行將積極響應二十國集團（G20）等國際組織關於改善跨境支付的倡議，研究央行數字貨幣在跨境領域的適用性。根據國內試點情況和國際社會需要，人民
銀行將在充分尊重雙方貨幣主權、依法合規的前提下探索跨境支付試點，並遵循“無損”、“合規”、“互通”三項要求2與有關貨幣當局和央行建立法定數字貨幣匯兌安排及監管合作機制，堅持雙層運營、風險為本的管理要求和模塊化設計原則，以滿足各國監管及合規要求。
3 is a powerful response to the international social initiative, exploring ways to improve cross-border payments. The social sector is more concerned with the realization of digitized coins for cross-border use . Cross-border payments of
中國人民銀行從2014年開始成立專門研究小組研究法定數字貨幣，至今已有五年。
has been in existence since 2014 for five years. 2015年 央行發佈發行數字貨幣的系列研究報告，並完成發行法定數字貨幣原型的兩輪修訂。
Central Bank launcher and completed two rounds of revision of the original version of the legal digit currency. 2016年11月 央行確定使用數字票據交易平臺作為法定數字貨幣的試點應用場景，並啟動了數字票據交易平臺的封閉開發工作。並正式試點開發，用實踐檢驗理論的可行性。
In November 2016, the Central Bank determined to use the number stand as a test site for legal digitized currency, and launched the closing opening of the digital ticket stand with an official test to test the feasibility of the study. 2017年，經國務院批准，央行組織部分實力雄厚的商業銀行和有關機構共同開展數字人民幣體系(DC/EP)的研發。
In 2017, with the approval of the State Council, the Central Bank part of the powerful and related institution . 2017年2月 央行數字貨幣研究所成功測試了基於區塊鏈的數字票據交易平臺。根據央行的安排部署，上海票據交易所會同數字貨幣研究所，組織中鈔信用卡公司、工商銀行、中國銀行、浦發銀行和杭州銀行共同開展基於區塊鏈技術的數字票據交易平臺建設相關工作。
February 2017 The Central Bank Digital Money Research Institute successfully tested the digital trading counter based on . According to the deployment of the Central Bank, the Shanghai Ticket Exchange and the Digital Currency Research Institute , http://wiki.mblib.com.9%Ew2%Ew2%Ew2%Ew2%E5E5%E5%B2%E2%B2%Ere2%E2%E2%B2%A2%B2%T2%B2%A2%B2%B2%B2%B2%A2%B2%A2%B2%B2%A2%B2%A2%B2%B2%B2%B2%B2%B2%A2%Ebz%Ebl%A%A.%A.%A.%A.%A.%A.%Ebz%A.%A.%A.%A. 2017年6月 央行數字貨幣研究所在北京德勝國際中心C座9樓正式掛牌成立。依據招聘信息，數字研究所主要的研究內容包括數字貨幣法律研究、區塊鏈開發、晶元設計等。
In June 2017, the Central Bank Digital Monetary Institute (CBDI) was officially established on the ninth floor of Building C of the Beijing Winning International Center. According to , the main research content of the Institute includes the digital currency study, section development, At the end of 2017, it was approved that a part of the People's Bank of China's strong commercial bank and related institutions had developed a digital currency system (DC/EP). DC/EP maintained two layers , ; 2018年9月 “南京金融科技研究創新中心”和“中國央行數字貨幣研究所（南京）應用示範基地”正式揭牌成立。該中心由南京市人民政府、南京大學、江蘇銀行、中國央行南京分行、中國央行數字貨幣研究所合作共建。
September 2018 “Nanjing Title= "Financial Science and Technology" https://wiki.hreb.com/zh-tw/%E5%E8%E8E6%B0%Etw6%Enew2%Ew2%E2%Ed%Ew2%E2%E8Ecm2%E8%B7B7%E5%B8%B2n2 `brebret'"Abre 2018年9月12日 央行數字貨幣研究所《法定數字貨幣模型與參考架構設計》項目在銀行科技發展獎評審領導小組會議上獲得一等獎。
On September 12, 2018, /a> received a prize in the bank Development Award 2019年8月，央行召開2019年下半年工作電視會議，會議要求加快推進我國法定數字貨幣（DC/EP）研發步伐，跟蹤研究國內外虛擬貨幣發展趨勢，繼續加強互聯網金融風險整治。
In August 2019, the Central Bank called on to follow the development of virtual currency in and out of the country 2019年8月10日，央行支付結算司副司長穆長春在中國金融四十人論壇上提出，央行相關人員從去年已經開始996開發相關係統，“現在可以說是呼之欲出了”。
On August 10, 2019, the Central Bank financial forum suggested that the Central Bank , since last year's inception of 996 people, “may now say that it has been called upon”. 2019年9月，我國法定數字貨幣（DC/EP）的“閉環測試”開始啟動，模擬測試涉及一些商業和非政府機構的支付方案。
In September 2019, was launched for a number of On October 29, 2019, Finance Forty People's Forum, 2020年4月19日，中國人民銀行數字貨幣研究所相關負責人表示，數字人民幣研發工作正在穩妥推進，先行在深圳、蘇州、雄安新區、成都及未來的冬奧場景進行內部封閉試點測試，以不斷優化和完善功能。
On 19 April 2020, , Chengdu and the future winter and Olympic scenes, with the aim of continuous improvement and improvement of functions. 2020年5月，中國人民銀行行長易綱表示，數字人民幣目前的試點測試，還只是研發過程中的常規性工作，並不意味著數字人民幣正式落地發行，何時正式推出尚沒有時間表。
In May 2020, the President of the People's Bank of China, Ei Ying, stated that the current test of the digital renminbi was merely the development of regular work in the process, which did not mean that the digital renminbi was officially released, and that there was no time table for its official launch. 2020年8月14日，商務部印發《全面深化服務貿易創新發展試點總體方案》，在“全面深化服務貿易創新發展試點任務、具體舉措及責任分工”部分提出：在京津冀、長三角、粵港澳大灣區及中西部具備條件的試點地區開展數字人民幣試點。人民銀行制定政策保障措施；先由深圳、成都、蘇州、雄安新區等地及未來冬奧場景相關部門協助推進，後續視情擴大到其他地區。《方案》公佈後，數字人民幣的進展再次引發市場關註，也有網路傳聞數字人民幣將在28地試點， “28地試點”的說法屬誤讀，數字人民幣試點地區仍是“4+1”，即深圳、蘇州、雄安新區、成都及未來的冬奧場景。
On 14 August 2020, the Ministry of Business published 2020年10月8日，深圳市人民政府聯合人民銀行開展了數字人民幣紅包試點。派發1000萬“數字人民幣紅包”。該紅包採取“搖號抽簽”形式發放，抽簽報名通道於9日正式開啟。
On October 8, 2020, the Government of Shenzhen City launched a digital People's Bank Red Book test. 10 million People's Red Bags. The red bag was released in the form of a "shaking Slurp" and was officially opened on 9th. 1. 系統架構
1. System architecture 數字人民幣系統總體架構核心要素為“一幣、兩庫、三中心”。
The core elements of the structure of the digital currency system are “one dollar, two banks, three centres”. 一幣是指由人行擔保並簽名發行的代表具體金額的加密數字串；兩庫是指人行DC/EP基礎庫和DC/EP商業銀行庫。
One coin refers to an encrypted string of figures for the personal value of the representative, which is guaranteed and signed by the bank; the two banks refer to the bank's DC/EP base bank and the bank's DC/EP's commercial bank. 三中心包括：
The three centres include: 登記中心：負責發行、轉移、回籠全過程登記，分散式賬本服務保證人行與商業銀行的數字人民幣權屬信息一致；
(a) Registration Centre: responsibility for issuing, transferring, regressing and regressing the entire process, people's dollar rights are consistent with those of commercial banks; 認證中心：負責對用戶身份信息進行集中管理，是系統安全基礎組建和可控匿名設計的重要環節；
: . This is an important part of system security-based design and controlled anonymous design; 大數據分析中心：承擔KYC、AML、支付行為分析、監管調控指標分析等職能。
2. 運營框架
2. Operation framework 數字人民幣總體運營框架採用“人行-商業銀行/商業銀行-公眾”雙層運營體系。人行負責數字人民幣發行、註銷、跨機構互聯互通及錢包生態管理，大型國有銀行及商業銀行負責提供數幣兌換服務。
In the framework of the operations of the Digital Currency Constabulary, a two-tier operating system is used, namely, "People’s Bank - Commercial Bank/Commercial Bank - Public Sector". The Bank is responsible for digital currency issuances, sales, inter-institutional connectivity and the management of wallets, with banks and commercial banks in large countries providing money swaps. 3. 設計原則
3. Design principles 堅持依法合規、安全便捷、開放包容的設計原則；數字人民幣設計兼顧實物人民幣和電子支付工具的優勢；數字錢包作為數幣的載體和觸達用戶的媒介向公眾發行。
To uphold the rules of legality, safety and accessibility, open and inclusive design; the advantages of digital currency design and electronic payment tools; and digital wallets to be distributed to the public as a carrier of currency and a medium for reaching users. 數字人民幣體系設計堅持“安全普惠、創新易用、長期演進”設計理念，綜合考慮貨幣功能、市場需求、供應模式、技術支撐和成本收益確定設計原則，在貨幣特征、運營模式、錢包生態建設、合規責任、技術路線選擇、監管體系等方面反覆論證、不斷優化，形成適合中國國情、開放包容、穩健可靠的數字人民幣體系設計方案。
The digital currency system is designed to adhere to the concept of “safe inclusion, innovative use, long-term evolution” design, taking into account currency functions, , supply mode, technology support and cost-benefit determination design principles, counterfeasance of currency characteristics, , supply mode, , pecuniary responsibility, technical route selection, supervisory structure, maintenance system 90%A. 堅持依法合規。數字人民幣體系制度設計嚴格遵守人民幣管理、反洗錢和反恐怖融資、外匯管理、數據與隱私保護等相關要求，數字人民幣運營須納入監管框架。堅持安全便捷。數字人民幣體系突出以廣義賬戶為基礎、與銀行賬戶松耦合、價值體系等特征，適應線上線下各類支付環境，儘量減少因技術素養、通信網路覆蓋等因素帶來的使用障礙，滿足公眾對支付工具安全、易用的要求。數字人民幣運營系統滿足高安全性、高可用性、高可擴展性、高併發性、業務連續性要求。堅持開放包容。發揮指定運營機構各自優勢和專業經驗，按照長期演進技術方針，通過開展技術競爭及技術迭代，保持整體技術先進性，避免系統運營風險過度集中。支持與傳統電子支付系統間的交互，充分利用現有金融基礎設施，實現不同指定運營機構錢包間、數字人民幣錢包與銀行賬戶間的互聯互通，提高支付工具交互性。
The system of digitized money systems is designed to strictly comply with
數字人民幣設計兼顧實物人民幣和電子支付工具的優勢，既具有實物人民幣的支付即結算、匿名性等特點，又具有電子支付工具成本低、便攜性強、效率高、不易偽造等特點。主要考慮以下特性：
The digital renminbi is designed to combine the advantages of real renminbi and electronic payment tools, with special features such as real renminbi payments, accounting, anonymity, and low cost, portable, efficient, and non-false. The following characteristics are considered: 1. 兼 具 賬 戶 和 價 值 特 徵 。 數 字 人 民 幣 兼 容 基 於 賬 戶（account-based）、基於準賬戶（quasi-account-based）和基於價值（value-based）等三種方式，採用可變面額設計，以加密幣串形式實現價值轉移。
1. A combination of account accounts and price values. The number of characters is based on account-based, quasi-account-based, and value-based, three ways in which variable numbers are used to transfer value in the form of encrypt currency strings. 2.不計付利息。數字人民幣定位於 M0，與同屬 M0範疇的實物人民幣一致，不對其計付利息。
2. Interest is not payable. The number of renminbis is set at M0, which corresponds to the same real currency as the M0 model, and no interest is payable on them. 3.低成本。與實物人民幣管理方式一致，人民銀行不向指定運營機構收取兌換流通服務費用，指定運營機構也不向個人客戶收取數字人民幣的兌出、兌回服務費。
3. Low-cost. Consistent with the reality , does not charge the people's bank /a> for the transfer of circulation services to the designated operating agency, nor does the designated operating agency charge individual clients the sum of the people's currency for their services. 4.支付即結算。從結算最終性的角度看，數字人民幣與銀行賬戶松耦合，基於數字人民幣錢包進行資金轉移，可實現支付即結算。
4. Payment is final. From the final accounting point of view, the digital renminbi and bank account , based on the transfer of capital in the digital renminbi. 5.匿名性（可控匿名）。數字人民幣遵循“小額匿名、大額依法可溯”的原則，高度重視個人信息與隱私保護，充分考慮現有電子支付體系下業務風險特征及信息處理邏輯，滿足公眾對小額匿名支付服務需求。同時，防範數字人民幣被用於電信詐騙、網路賭博、洗錢、逃稅等違法犯罪行為，確保相關交易遵守反洗錢、反恐怖融資等要求。數字人民幣體系收集的交易信息少於傳統電子支付模式，除法律法規有明確規定外，不提供給第三方或其他政府部門。人民銀行內部對數字人民幣相關信息設置“防火牆”，通過專人管理、業務隔離、分級授權、崗位制衡、內部審計等制度安排，嚴格落實信息安全及隱私保護管理，禁止任意查詢、使用。
E.V.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.D. > E.E. > E.E. > E.E. > E.E. > E.E. > E.E. > E. > E. > E.E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. > E. 6.安全性。數字人民幣綜合使用數字證書體系、數字簽名、安全加密存儲等技術，實現不可重覆花費、不可非法複製偽造、交易不可篡改及抗抵賴等特性，並已初步建成多層次安全防護體系，保障數字人民幣全生命周期安全和風險可控。
6. Security. The digital currency, combined with the digital credit system, and secure encrypted storage, has become unrecoverable, non-illegal counterfeiting, non-diversion of transactions and anti-defence features, and has initially established multi-layered safety systems to guarantee the safety and security of the digital currency throughout its life cycle. 7.可編程性。數字人民幣通過載入不影響貨幣功能的智能合約實現可編程性，使數字人民幣在確保全全與合規的前提下，可根據交易雙方商定的條件、規則進行自動支付交易，促進業務模式創新。
7. Programmability. By loading , enables the digit currency to make automatic payments based on terms and rules agreed between the two parties to the transaction and to promote new business models. 根據中央銀行承擔的不同職責，法定數字貨幣運營模式有兩種選擇：一是單層運營，即由中央銀行直接面對全社會提供法定數字貨幣的發行、流通、維護服務。二是雙層運營，即由中央銀行向指定運營機構發行法定數字貨幣，指定運營機構負責兌換和流通交易。
According to the different responsibilities of Central Bank, by the Central Bank's direct reaction to the provision of legal digits, circulation, circulation of 數字人民幣採用的是雙層運營模式。人民銀行負責數字人民幣發行、註銷、跨機構互聯互通和錢包生態管理，同時審慎選擇在資本和技術等方面具備一定條件的商業銀行作為指定運營機構，牽頭提供數字人民幣兌換服務。在人民銀行中心化管理的前提下，充分發揮其他商業銀行及機構的創新能力，共同提供數字人民幣的流通服務。具體來說，指定運營機構在人民銀行的額度管理下，根據客戶身份識別強度為其開立不同類別的數字人民幣錢包，進行數字人民幣兌出兌回服務。同時，指定運營機構與相關商業機構一起，承擔數字人民幣的流通服務並負責零售環節管理，實現數字人民幣安全高效運行，包括支付產品設計創新、系統開發、場景拓展、市場推廣、業務處理及運維等服務。在此過程中，人民銀行將努力保持公平的競爭環境，確保由市場發揮資源配置的決定性作用，以充分調動參與各方的積極性和創造性，維護金融體系穩定。雙層運營模式可充分利用指定運營機構資源、人才、技術等優勢，實現市場驅動、促進創新、競爭選優。同時，由於公眾已習慣通過商業銀行等機構處理金融業務，雙層運營模式也有利於提升社會對數字人民幣的接受度。
a href=https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E4% BA%BA %A6%B0%E9%B6%E1%C'title 數字錢包是數字人民幣的載體和觸達用戶的媒介。在數字人民幣中心化管理、統一認知、實現防偽的前提下，人民銀行制定相關規則，各指定運營機構採用共建、共用方式打造移動終端 APP，對錢包進行管理並對數字人民幣進行驗真；開發錢包生態平臺，實現各自視覺體系和特色功能，實現數字人民幣線上線下全場景應用，滿足用戶多主體、多層次、多類別、多形態的差異化需求，確保數字錢包具有普惠性，避免因“數字鴻溝”帶來的使用障礙。
is the vehicle for digital people's coins and contact users. Under the conditions of digital central management, joint recognition, real security, the People's Bank sets relevant rules for designated operators to build moving end-points by co-construction, sharing, APPs, managing the wallets and authenticating the digital people's coins; developing the wallets, realizing their own visual systems and distinctive features, using the digital people's coin line line, using the full range of multi-prime, multi-layered, multi-grade, multi-type, multi-formive structures, 1.按照客戶身份識別強度分為不同等級的錢包。指定運營機構根據客戶身份識別強度對數字人民幣錢包進行分類管理，根據實名強弱程度賦予各類錢包不同的單筆、單日交易及餘額限額。最低許可權錢包不要求提供身份信息，以體現匿名設計原則。用戶在預設情況下開立的是最低許可權的匿名錢包，可根據需要自主升級為高許可權的實名錢包。
2.按照開立主體分為個人錢包和對公錢包。自然人和個體工商戶可以開立個人錢包，按照相應客戶身份識別強度採用分類交易和餘額限額管理；法人和非法人機構可開立對公錢包，並按照臨櫃開立還是遠程開立確定交易、餘額限額，錢包功能可依據用戶需求定製。
and may open personal purses, which may be managed by different types of transactions and residual limits according to the client's identity; legal persons and illegal human institutions may set up public accounts and determine transactions in accordance with or on a remote basis. 3.按照載體分為軟錢包和硬錢包。軟錢包基於移動支付 APP、軟體開發工具包（SDK）、應用程式介面（API）等為用戶提供服務。硬錢包基於安全晶元等技術實現數字人民幣相關功能，依托 IC卡、手機終端、可穿戴設備、物聯網設備等為用戶提供服務。軟硬錢包結合可以豐富錢包生態體系，滿足不同人群需求。
The software package is based on moving payments of APP, 財務管理等特定功能。
The owner of the wallet may set the main wallet as the mother's wallet and set up a dry wallet under the mother's wallet. Individuals may fulfil the functions of current payment, payment of terms and personal privacy protection through a sub-blank; businesses and institutions may collect and distribute cash through a sub-blanket, Financial Management. 5.人民銀行和指定運營機構及社會各相關機構一起按照共建、共有、共用原則建設數字人民幣錢包生態平臺。按照以上不同維度，形成數字人民幣錢包矩陣。在此基礎上，人民銀行制定相關規則，指定運營機構在提供各項基本功能的基礎上，與相關市場主體進一步開發各種支付和金融產品，構建錢包生態平臺，以滿足多場景需求並實現各自特色功能。
國家信用：幣值穩定
法償性：不能拒收
Compensability: No refusal 替代MO：與現金無異
Alternative MO: no different from cash 數字錢包：無需單獨開戶
: No separate account is required 雙離線：無需信號可交易
Double : no signal to trade 可控匿名：遵守現行現金管理規定
Controllable anonymity: compliance with current cash regulations 從使用場景.上看,央行數字貨幣不計付利息,可用於小額、零售、高頻的業務場景 ,與使用紙幣差別不大。它不依托於銀行賬戶和支付賬戶,只要用戶裝有數字貨幣錢包即可使用。不僅如此,央行的數字貨幣使用最新的雙離線技術,即使在沒有手機信號的情況下,依然可以使用。
It is not dependent on bank accounts and payment accounts, as long as there are digitized wallets. Moreover, the central bank’s digital currency uses the latest two-way technology, even in the absence of cell phone signals. 穆長春曾這樣描繪使用的情景:只要你我手機上都有數字人民幣的數字錢包，那連網路都不需要，只要手機有電，兩個手機“碰一碰”就能把一個人數字錢包里的數字貨幣，轉給另一個人。
Mu Changchun used to describe the situation as follows: as long as you and I have digital People's Dollar wallets on our phones, even does not need a digital coin from one person's digital wallet, and as long as the cell phone has electricity, the two phones can “touch” to another person. 下載應用——註冊數字錢包——通過銀行卡兌換——支持匯款交易等
Download Application - Registered Number Wallet - Exchanged through
部分替代：數字貨幣替代一部分現金，但不會全部取代紙幣。
Replace part : Digital currency replaces part of cash, but not all. 國家金融與發展實驗室特聘研究員董希淼:紙幣將長期存在。用戶習慣各有不同，現金支付、非現金支付將長期共存。
The National Financial and Development Laboratory's special researcher, Dong Chi Xiang, says that the currency will remain in place for a long period of time. 總額不變：央行發行的數字貨幣，將從流通中的紙鈔和硬幣入手。假設現在流通的貨幣是100元，央行數字貨幣將等價替換掉這100元。
Totals : The digit currency issued by the central bank will be replaced by . Assuming that the currency now in circulation is 100 dollars, the digit currency of the central bank will be replaced by the equivalent. 對金融市場和貨幣政策的影響[3]：
Impact on financial market and currency policy 貨幣供應量 (1) The use of or assistance to the central bank in the operation of the digital currency corresponds to and to （2）助推人民幣國際化：由於央行數字貨幣採用賬戶松耦合形式、減少了交易環節對賬戶的依賴度，由此帶來和現金一樣的流通性和可控匿名屬性，有助於推動人民幣在更廣範圍內的流通使用。
(2) : The use of punctuation, reducing the dependence of the trading loop on the account, resulting in circulation and controlled anonymity of the same amount as the current cash, and contributing to the use of /Etl%Etl%A > （3）打擊金融犯罪：在可控匿名機制下，央行可以對掌握的交易數據進行分析以實現審慎管理和反洗錢、反逃稅、反恐怖融資等監管目標，提升金融監管效率。
(3) Strike : Under a system of controlled anonymity, central banks can analyse the available transaction data for the purpose of current due diligence management and [編輯]
現金非存款
Cash non-deposit
支付寶、微信支付等第三方互聯網支付屬於商業銀行存款貨幣結算，而數字人民幣屬於流通中的現金。
, micro-letters paid to third-party union networks for currency deposits belonging to commercial banks, and the numeric renminbi for cash in circulation.
雙離線
Dual Wire
支付寶、微信支付等第三方互聯網支付需要設備連接網路才可以結算，但數字人民幣可以雙離線。
The payment of third-party Internet payments, such as the payment of treasures and the payment of micro-mails, requires the installation of an Internet connection to be calculated, but the digital renminbi can be de-linked.
法償性
數字人民幣法定貨幣，任何機構和個人不得拒收。而微信支付和支付寶只是一種支付方式。
The digit renminbi legal currency is not to be refused by any institution or individual.
中國人民銀行數字貨幣研究所所長穆長春表示：
Mu Changchun, head of the People's Bank of China's Digital Currency Institute, said:
我們現在的數字人民幣並不是一種新的貨幣，實質上它就是數字形式的法定貨幣，也就是說是人民幣的數字化形態。另外一個點就是和紙鈔和硬幣等價，換句話說，數字人民幣主要定位於M0（流通中的現鈔和硬幣）。
Our current digital renminbi is not a new currency; in essence it is a digitized legal currency, that is, a digitized currency. Another point is that it is priced like notes and coins, in other words, the digit is primarily set at M0 (current money and coins in circulation).
我們持有紙鈔是不計付利息，所以數字人民幣也不會計付利息。另外，公眾去商業銀行兌付、贖回數字人民幣，銀行不會收取兌出和兌回的服務費。在可預見的將來，數字人民幣將與紙鈔長期並存。
We hold notes that do not pay interest, so the yuan does not pay interest. Moreover, the public goes to the commercial bank to pay and redeem the yuan, and the banks do not charge the fee for the services that they pay. In the foreseeable future, the yuan will remain with the notes for a long time.
不少人會覺得，數字人民幣和微信、支付寶很相似，對此，穆長春表示，它們和數字人民幣不是一個維度上的概念，也不存在競爭關係。
In response to the perception that the digit renminbi is very similar to the tweaks and payment treasures, Mu Changchun stated that they are not a dimension concept and that there is no competitive relationship between them.
微信和支付寶是金融基礎設施，通俗來講它是錢包，在電子支付時代，錢包的內容實際上是商業銀行存款貨幣。在數字人民幣時代，微信和支付寶的這個錢包里增加了數字人民幣這一項內容，老百姓依然可以使用微信和支付寶進行支付，只不過支付的工具裡面不僅包括刷銀行存款貨幣，還增加了數字人民幣這個選項。
Micro-letters and payment treasures are financial infrastructure, commonly known as wallets, and in electronic payment, the contents of the wallets are actually commercial bank deposits. In People’s Dollars, the amount of People’s Dollars has been added to the amount of the micro-credit and payment treasures wallets, and the people can still use them to make payments, except that the instruments of payment include not only the amount of bank deposits, but also the number of People’s Dollars option.
以比特幣為例，數字人民幣基本具備比特幣所有的優勢。同時，相對其他虛擬貨幣，數字人民幣屬於法定貨幣。
In the case of bitcoins, for example, the digit renminbi is basically equipped with all the advantages of bitcoins. At the same time, in contrast to other virtual coins, the digit renminbi is a statutory currency.
穆長春說，“ 幣花不炒，人民幣是用來花的不是用來炒作的，既不具有比特市的炒作特性，也不具有像‘穩定幣’一樣需要貨幣籃子資產進行幣值支撐的要求。”
According to Mu Changchun, “the coins are not spent, they are not spent, they have neither the characteristics of the city of Bit nor the requirements for monetary support like the `stable currency'.”
“目前很多發達國家都在推進數字貨幣，都想抓住這個大趨勢。從未來國家之間的金融競爭力這一角度來講，中國推進數字人民幣的戰略意義重大，將會加大人民幣國際化和金融的進一步開放，有利於提升我國的國際金融競爭力。”國務院發展研究中心金融研究所銀行研究室副主任石光在接受中國經濟時報記者採訪時表示。
石光向記者介紹，中國人民銀行早在2014年就開始做這方面的研究，在這個領域里有先發優勢。發展數字人民幣是為了適應互聯網普及下的數字經濟的發展趨勢，把人民幣從實物形式變成可以在網路流通的電子貨幣。
Stonelight informs journalists that the People's Bank of China started to do research in this area as early as 2014 with . In this domain, the People's Currency has been developed to adapt the digital economy under the Internet to the development of the digital economy, transforming the renminbi from a physical form into an electronic currency that can circulate online .
中國人民銀行行長易綱介紹，當前，數字經濟是全球經濟增長日益重要的驅動力。法定數字貨幣的研發和應用，有利於高效地滿足公眾在數字經濟條件下對法定貨幣的需求，提高零售支付的便捷性、安全性和防偽水平，助推我國數字經濟加快發展。
The President of the People's Bank of China introduced the digital economy as an increasingly important driving force in the growth of the global economy. The development and application of statutory digitized currency is conducive to the efficient satisfaction of public demand for statistical currency under digital economic conditions, and to an increase in retail > speed, security and security standards, contributing to the acceleration of our digital economy.
中國社會科學院信息化研究中心主任、信息化與網路經濟室主任薑奇平在接受中國經濟時報記者採訪時表示，發展數字人民幣是經濟發展的需要。事實上，目前我國數字貨幣的實質功能已經存在，比如銀行的許多業務都已經是數字交換，貨幣是以抵押物形式存在。我國已經具備了發展數字人民幣的條件，只不過現在要從技術上把數字元號的交換從實體形態變成純數字形態。
石光認為，在央行推出數字貨幣之前，中國的移動支付運營趨勢已經很明顯。而且，紙幣和硬幣的製造、流通成本很高，每年的管理成本、折舊損耗比較高，發展數字人民幣能夠節約成本。
The Stone Light believes that before central bank > , it is already clear that currency and coin production and circulation costs are high, management costs are higher each year, they are more expensive, they are more expensive, and the People's Dollar for Development is more affordable. 發展數字人民幣對我國經濟發展有何推動作用呢？薑奇平認為，數字人民幣的作用有三方面。
What does the development of the renminbi have to do with the development of my country’s economy? According to Ping Qiping, the role of the digital renminbi is threefold. 一是增加了貨幣的功能。原有的貨幣是一般等價物，但是不能承載非一般等價物的信息。而數字貨幣，包括區塊鏈，就有這樣的功能，比如記賬功能，能夠記載貨幣流通的時間、地點、去向，對於一些特定用途的貨幣追蹤有重要意義，能夠有效防止洗錢等行為。
二是會對未來貨幣之間的交換有潛在影響。如果能夠利用數字貨幣將美元的增值過程或者利益轉移過程曝光，勢必會改變美元的霸權地位，各國就可以利用數字貨幣更好地保護本幣的利益。
Second, there is a potential impact on the exchange between future currencies. If a digital currency is used to expose the dollar’s value-added process or its benefits, it will change the hegemony of the dollar, and countries will be able to use the digital currency to better protect the currency’s interests. 三是從長遠來看，如果將區塊鏈的優勢運用到數字貨幣的建設之中，會給信息服務提供很多的機會。也就是說，除了一般等價物的信息承載服務功能，還能夠承載資源配置功能。
Third, from a long perspective, if the advantages of the chain are used in the construction of a digital currency, offers many opportunities. That is to say, in addition to the information-carrying function of generic prices, it is possible to carry the resource configuration function. 石光認為，發展數字人民幣的直接作用是使金融體系的流通更加便利，降低貨幣的發行和流通成本；間接作用是順應了數字經濟發展的趨勢。流通去現金化在國際上是一個大趨勢，在這種情況下，央行能夠開發新的支付體系，對於日常的交易支付都有很大的便利性。
Stonelight believes that the direct effect of the development of digital renminbi is to make easier to circulate, reducing the cost of issuing and circulating the currency; the interface is to respond to developments in the digital economy. 對於一些民眾擔心的數字貨幣的安全性，薑奇平反而認為，數字貨幣最大的優點就是低風險性。“如果一筆錢的來龍去脈都能記錄在案，即使遇到詐騙也可以一路跟蹤，有利於普通民眾保護自己的利益，降低風險。即使發展初期有一些技術上的風險也不必擔心，既然有追溯功能，就會有風險的追溯機制，將來這個體系的健全將會進一步降低民眾的風險。”他解釋道。
For the safety of digit currency , Quiping argues that the greatest advantage of a digital currency is low risk. “If a money trail can be recorded, it can be followed all the way, even in the case of fraud, to protect ordinary people’s interests and reduce risks. 不過，薑奇平認為，發展數字人民幣目前最重要的問題是如何協調好技術和利益之間的關係，目前包括區塊鏈在內的很多技術都在不斷地創新發展，這將會為數字貨幣起到錦上添花的作用。
However, Qiping believes that the development figure
採用“央行—商業銀行/商業機構—公眾”的運營模式
adopts the "Central Bank - Business Bank/Commercial Agency - Public" mode of operation 數字人民幣是雙層運營體系，是人民銀行先把數字貨幣兌換給商業銀行或商業機構，再由商業銀行或商業機構兌換給公眾。也就是說，人民銀行不會直接對公眾發行數字人民幣。
The digital renminbi is a two-tier operating system in which the People’s Bank first converts the digital currency to commercial banks or commercial institutions, and then to the public. In other words, the People’s Bank does not issue the digital yuan directly to the public. 央行數字貨幣研究所掌門人穆長春表示，“首先，中國幅員遼闊，人口眾多，如果直接面對公眾，會給央行帶來極大的挑戰，而央行—商業銀行/商業機構—公眾這種模式極大提升了可行性；其次，商業機構的IT基礎和服務體系都較成熟，在金融科技運用方面也積累了更多的經驗，因此，雙層運營可以更充分的發揮商業機構的資源、人才和技術優勢；再則，雙層運營體系有助於化解風險，避免風險過度集中，數字人民幣涉及到的系統眾多，僅靠央行自身的力量研發並支撐如此龐大的系統，是非常困難的；最後，如果使用單層運營架構，會導致金融脫媒。”
“First, the Chinese model > would pose a great challenge to the central bank if faced directly with the public, and the model ; second, the business infrastructure and service systems are more mature and more experienced in the use of financial technology > so that the two-tier operation can more fully leverage the resources, talent and skills of the business establishment > > ; then, the two-storey business structure = commercial banks > > = the public; second, the business infrastructure and service systems of commercial institutions 定位為數字M0
Position as number M0 2019年7月，央行研究局兼貨幣金銀局局長王信在數字貨幣開放研究計劃啟動儀式暨首屆學術研討會上提出，“央行數字貨幣在中國被定義為M0（現金），是現金一定程度上的代替，所以這項工作（指數字貨幣的研究）也落到了我們貨幣金銀局。”根據王信的表述，數字人民幣是M0的替代，這意味著它可以像現金那樣自由流通、不計息及無限法償性。
In July 2019, at the Open Research Program Launcher and First Academic Research Conference, “The Central Bank's digital currency is defined as M0 (cash) in China and is partly a substitute for cash, so the work (for a study of digital currency) has fallen to our currency and silver office as well. According to the Wang's letter, the number of people's currency is M0 instead of B8't, which means that it can freely circulate, leave no interest and 註：M0是貨幣存量的一個組成部分。貨幣存量指的是一個國家或地區在某一個時點上，所有經濟主體持有的現金和存款貨幣的總量，這其中包括M0、M1、M2、M3。
Note: The M0 is an integral part of the currency stock. The currency stock is the sum of cash and deposits held by all economic agents in a country or region at a given point in time, including M0, M1, M2, M3. M0=流通中現金
M1=M0+單位活期存款
M2=M1+單位定期存款+個人的儲蓄存款+證券公司的客戶保證金
M2=M1+A href="https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E5.58D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5AE%9A%9A%E6%9C%9F%E5%AD%98%E6%AC%BE'title="unit time deposit"" M3=M2+具有高流動性的證券和其它資產
M3 = M2+ Certificates and other assets with high liquidity 數字人民幣要完全實現規劃落地，還面臨若幹現實問題與技術挑戰，現實問題包括用戶需求來自何方、商戶有何動機推廣數字人民幣等；技術挑戰包括紙鈔在交易雙方都不聯網（即“雙離線”）的情況下即可完成價值轉移，無需第三方確認，而數字人民幣作為一種電子支付方式，實現“貨幣發送人-數字人民幣接收終端/人民銀行-貨幣接收人”全鏈路離線下實時支付還有難度。
The digital renminbi is fully planned and faces real and technical challenges, such as the source of user demand, business incentives to promote the digital renminbi, etc.; the technical challenge includes the fact that the paper money can be transferred without being connected to the two parties to the transaction (i.e., the “double separation line”), without third party confirmation, and the digital renminbi as an electronic payment method, and the difficulty of “a href =”https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E4%BA%BA%E6%E0%91%E993%B6%E8%C1%Title = "People's Bank" 商業銀行在發放數字貨幣貸款時，除調整“貸款”和“存款”記錄外，還要同借款人一起向央行發出數字貨幣貸款信息，由央行登記貸款銀行及借款人數字貨幣備查賬戶。這樣，就在央行形成了全社會“數字貨幣一本賬”，形成數字貨幣的央行“基礎賬戶”與金融機構“業務賬戶”並存的格局。這也對數字貨幣的載體設計、每一筆業務的信息多重傳送機制設計（包括收付款雙方及其開戶銀行、中央銀行相互之間的信息傳遞），對央行數字貨幣開源系統的開發與維護，對賬務處理與數據核對、數據的存儲與安全性管理等都提出了更高的要求。
In addition to adjusting the “lending” and “deposit” records, commercial banks send digital loan information to the central bank together with the borrower. Thus, a society-wide “digital currency account” has been created in the central bank, where central bank “base account” and Financial institution , where the digit currency “base account” and central bank account 1、人民幣支付功能的進步
1. Advances in the payment function of the renminbi 數字人民幣作為中國人民銀行研究中的法定數字貨幣，任何能夠形成個人身份唯一標識的東西都可以成為賬戶，不需要銀行賬戶就可以開立數字人民幣錢包，通過數字貨幣智能合約的方式，便可以實現定點到人交付。
The digit renminbi is the legal digit currency in the People’s Bank of China’s research, and anything that can form the sole identity of a person can become an account, and a digit renminbi wallet can be opened without the need for a bank account. By means of a digit currency smart contract, it can be delivered to a person. 央行數字貨幣當前定位於M0的數字化替代，但具有不同於紙幣的諸多獨特優勢。作為官方指定的支付媒介和智能化交易的優質載體，它能使支付市場競爭更加多元，併成為各類智能交易的重要組件。這也將推動貨幣運行體系深刻變革，在提高央行貨幣政策有效性、防止貨幣持續嚴重超發、維護貨幣金融穩定等方面將發揮極其重大的作用。
, but with a variety of unique advantages different from banknotes. As the quality of officially designated payment mediums and smart transactions , it would lead to a more diversified market competition for payment, which would have a significant impact on the effectiveness of central bank currency policy of smart transactions. 2、增強貨幣政策的穿透性
2. Increased penetration of monetary policy 數字人民幣將有望為中國貨幣政策創造出更具穿透力的直達性工具。通過定向使用、智能合約等內嵌功能，實現流動性投放的精準化、結構化。
The digit renminbi is expected to create more penetrating rectangular tools for . Embedded features such as targeted use, smart contract, precision and structure of current flow-infusion. 央行可以實時掌控所有數字貨幣逐筆的收付情況及數字貨幣具體的分佈情況，可以實現對數字貨幣的全方位、全流程監控，在當前支持中小企業發展的背景下，央行可以在定向降準等傳統工具之外進一步創新，獲得更加精準的政策工具，從而繞過中間的政策傳導梗阻和金融機構順周期性，使政策效力直達需求端，提高貨幣政策的傳導效率。
Central banks can effectively control the volume-by-volume payments of all digit currencies and the physical distribution of the digit currencies. In the context of current support for small and medium-sized enterprise development, central banks can build on traditional tools such as targeted reduction and acquire more sophisticated policy tools from . 3、隱私保護
3. Privacy protection 面向單位和個人的存貸款等金融業務仍由商業銀行等金融機構經辦，但金融機構只能瞭解與自己經辦業務相關的信息，並不能瞭解業務交易對手方的具體情況，從而實現央行之外的有限匿名，適度保護商業秘密與個人隱私。
Financial services, such as loans to units and individuals, are still operated by financial institutions such as commercial banks, but financial institutions are only able to understand information about their own business operations and are not able to understand the specifics of business transactions vis-à-vis their counterparts, from which limited anonymity outside the central bank is realized to protect business secrets and personal privacy. 4、加速普惠金融深化
4. Accelerating the deepening of inclusive finance 在技術層面上，數字人民幣具有降低交易成本、提高徵信效率、強化支付便利的功效。使基於數字人民幣支付結算的金融服務具有更廣泛的可得性，助力欠發達地區、長尾人群更便利地接入國內資金融通的“內迴圈”。
At the technical level, the digit renminbi has the effect of reducing transaction costs, improving the efficiency of credit collection, and enhancing the ease of payment. It makes financial services based on the digitized yuan more widely available and less accessible, population has easier access to the inner circle of domestic capital finance. 5、貨幣政策獨立性的維護
5. Maintenance of the independence of monetary policy 數字貨幣將引起新一輪的、新賽道上的“貨幣替換”，形成跨國家、跨地域的“電子貨幣區”。面對這一歷史潮流，如果選擇全方位對接由美國市場主導的數字貨幣體系，則將進一步強化對美元流動性的依賴性。反之，如果數字人民幣能夠搶抓這一歷史機遇，與“一帶一路”建設、全球價值鏈重構相結合，則將在新賽道上推動人民幣國際化進程和“網路效應”。
The digital currency, in turn, will trigger a new round of “currency swaps” on the new track, creating a cross-country and trans-territorial “electronic currency area.” In the face of this historical current, the dependency on the dollar flow will be further enhanced if the entire spectrum of the digital currency system, led by the United States market, is selected. Conversely, if the digital currency is able to capture this historic encounter, it will be combined with the “one-way” set-up, global value chain re-engineering, the new track will be pushed to internationalize
與G7國家的CBDC進展相比，數字人民幣相對起步最早、進展最快，目前已基本完成頂層設計、標準制定、功能研發、聯調測試等工作。
Compared to the development of the CBDC in the G7 countries, the numeric renminbi is the first and fastest to start, and it has almost completed top-level design, standard-setting, functional development, and joint testing. 進入2020年後，央行數字貨幣相關動作頻繁，此前已經先行在深圳、蘇州、雄安、成都及未來的冬奧會場景進行內部封閉試點測試。除工、農、中、建四大國有商業銀行外，還有中國移動、中國電信、中國聯通三大電信運營商也都共同參與試點。在試點測試的同時，中國央行也正在積極探索央行數字貨幣未來可能的落地場景，並和各大互聯網企業聯手合作。
2020年7月8日，中國人民銀行數字貨幣研究所與滴滴出行正式達成戰略合作協議，共同研究探索央行數字貨幣在智慧出行領域的場景創新和應用。而在此之前，央行數字貨幣還與美團、B站等頭部互聯網公司展開合作，為數字人民幣尋找更多的商業落地場景。另外，位元組跳動等公司也在與銀行討論合作的可能性。目前已共有20多家公司參與了數字人民幣項目。
On July 8, 2020, 商務部官網2020年8月14日發佈了《關於印發全面深化服務貿易創新發展試點總體方案的通知》，其中公佈了數字人民幣試點地區。其中第93條“全面深化服務貿易創新發展試點任務、具體舉措及責任分工”部分提出：在京津冀、長三角、粵港澳大灣區及中西部具備條件的試點地區開展數字人民幣試點。
On August 14th, 2020, the Network of Business Officials launched a circular on the development of a comprehensive programme to deepen the services trade-friendly new development sites, in which the number of sites is published. Article 93 of the circular entitled “A comprehensive deepening of the services trade-friendly new development sites, specific measures and a division of responsibilities” provides for the opening of digital sites in Kyoto, the Long Triangle, the Hong Kong Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the central and western parts of China. 目前的試點測試是研發過程中的常規性工作，並不意味數字人民幣正式落地發行，何時正式推出尚沒有時間表。內部封閉試點測試的目的，是檢驗理論可靠性、系統穩定性、功能可用性、流程便捷性、場景適用性和風險可控性。
The current test is a routine exercise in the development of the process, which does not mean that the dollar is officially released, and when it is not yet available. The aim of the internal closure test is to test theory reliability, system stability, functionality availability, process accessibility, landscape suitability and risk management. 前期數字人民幣的推動更多的是自上而下，比如用於政府、國企等機構人員發工資補貼、冬奧會內部流轉和支付等場景；而在更多應用場景的商戶身上，則需依賴頭部互聯網機構、銀行、清算機構、收單機構的有力推進。通過頭部單位進行試點推廣，然後再通過互聯網機構進行高頻次的傳播推廣和下沉使用，穩扎穩打。後期數字貨幣應用的場景將會更加下沉，會更多地貼近百姓生活的各方面，如支付、連鎖商超、醫院、公交系統等。
疑問1 :要跟紙鈔說再見了?
Question 1 nbsp; say goodbye to the notes? 央行發行的數字貨幣是從替代流通中的紙鈔和硬幣入手,也就是說假設現在流通的貨幣是100元，央行數字貨幣將等價替換掉這100元。
The digit currency issued by the central bank starts with the replacement of the currency in circulation, i.e., assuming that the currency in circulation is now 100 dollars, the digit currency of the central bank will be replaced by the equivalent. 專家表示,未來央行數字貨幣會替代一部分的現金,但不會全部取代紙幣。國家金融與發展實驗室特聘研究員董希淼表示,在我國紙幣將長期存在,我們的用戶習慣也各有不同,現金支付、非現金支付將長期共存。
The experts say that future central bank figures will replace part of the cash, but not all of it. The National Financial and Development Laboratory's special researcher, Dong Shijun, says that there will be long-term banknotes in my country and that there will be differences in our user habits and that non-cash payments will coexist over time. 中國人民大學重陽金融研究院產業部副主任、研究員卞永祖也認為,長遠看數字人民幣會取代紙幣，但這並不意味著紙幣會消失。"未來紙幣仍將具備 貨幣功能,但在消費過程中使用頻次會降低,更可能成為一種收藏品。”就如金銀幣,截至目前依然有貨幣功能,但基本已不作為貨幣使用了, 更多用於收藏。從長遠看,數字貨幣將是未來潮流。
疑問2 :跟支付寶微信是一回事?
Question 2 and nbsp; > > : Is it the same thing as paying for the baby's micro-letter? 數字人民幣"碰- -碰”的支付方式,很容易讓人聯想到現在非常普遍的支付寶、微信支付,它們是一回事嗎?
of the digital renminbi /a) is it easy to recall that payment of treasures and microletters is now very common? 穆長春在公開課《科技金融前沿: Libra與數字貨幣展望》中介紹了DCEP跟大家常用的支付寶、微信支付等的區別:
Mu Changchun introduced the difference between DCEP and the commonly used payment treasures, micro-credit payments, etc. in a public course entitled "Technology and Finance Front: Libra and Digital Currency Outlook": 首先從法權上, DCEP的效力和安全性是最好的。用支付寶或微信做電子支付的時候，它們是用商業銀行的存款貨幣進行結算,不是用央行貨幣。微信和支付寶在法律地位和安全性上,沒有達到和紙鈔同樣的水平。而DCEP就是紙鈔的數字化替代,功能和屬性會跟紙鈔完全一樣。 理論上講,商業銀行都可能會破產，微信錢包里的錢沒有存款保險,只能參加它的破產清算, 受央行最後貸款人保護。雖然這種可能性很小，但不能完全排除。
In the first place, DCEP's effectiveness and security are best from legal authority. When paying a treasure or micro-credit is used for electronic payment, they are accounted for with the money deposited in a commercial bank, not with central bank currency. Micro-credit and paying treasures at 其次,在沒有手機信號,沒有網路的時候,電子支付就無法使用。那時只剩下兩種可能性，-個是紙鈔,一個就是央行的數字貨幣。數字人民幣的的“雙離線支付”特性,可以在收支雙方都離線的情況下也能進行支付。只要手機有電,哪怕整個網路都斷了也可以實現支付。
Second, in the absence of a cell phone signal, and without the Internet, electronic payments cannot be used. At that time, there are only two possibilities, namely, bank notes and central banks’ digital currency. The “two-way payments” character of the renminbi can also be paid in the event that both sides of the income and expenditure are offline. 此外,互聯網支付、銀行卡支付都是跟傳統銀行賬戶體繫緊緊綁定的,它滿足不了匿名的需求,也就不可能完全取代現鈔的支付。而央行數字貨幣不需要綁定任何銀行賬戶,既能保持現鈔的屬性和主要的價值特征,又能滿足便攜和匿名的要求。只要不犯罪,想進行一些不願讓別人知道的消費 ,數字人民幣也可以保護隱私。
In addition, , bank card payments are tied to traditional bank accounts and cannot satisfy the requirements of , nor is it possible to completely replace current payments. The central bank dollar does not need to bind any bank account, while maintaining its current relevance and key value features, and it is sufficient to satisfy the requirements of anonymity. 穆長春同時認為, DCEP並不會對支付寶、微信的地位產生影響。因為目前支付寶、微信也是使用人民幣支付,實也就是用商業銀行存款貨幣進行支付。央行數字貨幣推出後,只是換成了數字人民幣,也就是用央行的存款貨幣,雖然支付工具變了,功能也增加了,但渠道和場景都沒有變化。董希淼在接受媒體採訪時強調,央行數字貨幣是法定貨幣,微信支付和支付寶則只是一種支付方式 ,其效力完全不能同數字人民幣相提並論。
At the same time, Mourai believed that DCEP would not have an impact on the status of paying treasures 疑問3 :央行版“比特幣”?
Question 3 & nbsp; Central Bank version “bitcoins”? 先來看看兩者的區別:
Let's take a look at the difference between the two: 一是技術不一 樣。比特幣是區塊鏈技術的代表作,央行也曾表示,有過用區塊鏈的設想。但後來央行發現，交易量一大,區塊鏈處理不了,根本無法滿足中國零售級別的應用需要。DC/EP的技術可能部分借鑒了區塊鏈,但區塊鏈絕不是唯一的技術。
is a representative of the sector chain technology, and the central bank has indicated that there was an idea of a chain of use. But then the central bank found that a large volume of transactions, a chain that could not be handled, could not meet the needs of the Chinese retail class. 二是模式不一樣。比特幣和以太坊的特點是去中心化。加密貨幣大多數都是採用了挖礦的模式進行發行彷出,沒有單一的發行方, 沒有統一-的監管方 ,只是以區塊鏈上的各個節點來保證系統正常運行。央行的數字貨幣,恰恰是中心化的。DC/EP由央行統-發行,也遵循了傳統的從中央銀行到運營機構的雙層投放體系。要的是,為為央行的巨集觀審慎和貨幣調控職能, DC/EP更加會採用中心化的管理模式。
The second is that the model is different. Bitcoins and Ether are centralized. Most of the crypto coins appear to have been produced using mining models, with no single issuer, no unified-supervisor, but only a few nodes on the chain to ensure that the system operates properly. The central bank’s digital currency is precisely central. DC/EP is run by central banks, and follows the traditional two-tiered system of placement from central banks to operating structures. DC/EP is more central to the centralization of management models for central bank macroviews and . 三是屬性不一樣。雖然都叫幣,但比特幣等加密貨幣本質上只是一種虛擬商品 , 每天價格起伏波動很大,並沒有任何的貨幣屬性, 無法充當合格的一般等價物。而DC/EP官方貨幣的地位毋庸置疑,其背後是國家信用,與傳統人民幣現鈔價值是1:1的對應關係,具有法償性,真正的貨幣。
Three characteristics are different. Although they are all called coins, encrypted currencies such as bit currencies are only a virtual commodity in nature, with high price swings per day and no currency attributes, and cannot be considered eligible generic. The DC/EP official currency, whose status is unquestionable, is followed by and the traditional people's currency value is 1:1; it is legally valid, real currency. 綜上所述,數字人民幣絕不是央行版的“比特幣”近年來,區塊鏈吸引著大企業與資本涉足,與之相關的“加密貨幣”也成為熱詞。一方面 ,收穫了一批執著的支持者;另-方面,打著區塊鏈"幌子”的非法集資案件屢屢被曝光。
On the one hand, a group of committed supporters has been collected; on the other hand, the illegal case of has been exposed. 據此，不少專家直言,數字貨幣的未來必須和“炒幣”分開。穆長春也曾強調,要堅持”幣花不炒”。可見，數字人民幣就是用來流通使用的，絕不是用來“炒幣”賺錢。
According to many experts, the future of the digital currency must be separated from the “fiction currency”. Mu Changchun also insisted on insisting that the currency should be kept free. As can be seen, the digital renminbi is used to circulate and is not used to make money.
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