数字货币有哪些基础知识及种类
What are the basics and types of digital money?
数字货币基础知识是电子货币形式的替代货币，数字金币和密码货币都属于数字货币。以下是由学习啦小编整理的数字货币基础知识的内容，希望大家喜欢!
The basics of digital money are alternative currencies in the form of electronic money, both digital gold and crypto-currency. Here's what you can learn from the basics of digital money.
数字黄金货币由很多供应商发行。每个竞争供应商都发行独立的数字黄金货币，基本都以他们的公司名字命名。当前流通的数字黄金货币有
Digital gold money is issued by many suppliers. Each competing supplier issues a separate digital gold currency, largely named after their company.
e-gold和Liberty Reserve是应用最流行的数字黄金货币供应商，拥有最大数量的用户。在黄金储备总量方面，GoldMoney是领导供应商(2006年5月)。
GoldMoney is the leading supplier in terms of total gold reserves (May 2006).
风险
Risk
数字黄金货币是一种 实物货币形式，它的存款以黄金而不是法定货币为单位计量。因此数字黄金货币的 购买力波动和黄金价格相关。如果黄金价格上涨，那么就变得更有价值，如果黄金价格下跌，那么会价值损失。由于还没有具体的金融条例监管数字黄金货币供应商，因此他们以自我管制的方式运作。数字黄金货币供应商不是银行，因此银行条例是不适用的。然而，创立于2002年的全球数字货币协会是一个在线货币运营，兑换，商户和用户的非盈利协会。此协会监督用户的举报和对兑换商的 声誉进行评级，评级操作是根据用户的举报事实来确认的。
Digital gold currency is a form of money in kind, and its deposits are measured in terms of gold rather than the legal currency. So the purchasing power of digital gold currency is associated with gold prices. If gold prices rise, they become more valuable. If gold prices fall, they lose value. Since there are no specific financial regulations regulating suppliers of digital gold money, they operate in a self-regulatory manner.
批评
Criticism
数字黄金货币供应商和兑换商一直被指责为欺诈性 HYIP计划的中介。2006年1月， 商业周刊报道了ShadowCrew使用e-gold系统 牵扯进大量的身份信息盗取的在线团体。然而e-gold主席声称对任何使用e-gold的犯罪活动决不妥协。
Digital gold money suppliers and exchangers have been accused of brokering fraudulent HYIP programs. In January 2006, the weekly business magazine reported the use of the e-gold system by ShadowCrew to involve a large number of online groups in identity theft. However, President e-gold claimed that he would not compromise any criminal activity using e-gold.
一、非加密货币和加密货币的区别。
I. Distinction between non-encrypted and encrypted currencies.
非加密货币是由公司或者私人自我发行的 ，可无限发行，不需要通过计算机的显卡CPU运算程序解方程式获得。
Non-encrypted currencies are self-issued by companies or private individuals, are issued indefinitely and do not need to be obtained through a computer's CPU solver.
知名的非加密货币如百度公司的百度币、腾讯公司的Q币，Q点、盛大公司的点券，新浪推出的微币(用于微游戏、新浪读书等)，因为其依据市场需求可无限发行，所以其不具备收藏以及升值的价值。
Distinguished non-encrypted currencies such as 100-degree bills, Queens, Q Point, Larger Company coupons, and new waves of microcosms (for micro games, new wave readings, etc.) do not have collections and value-added because they can be issued indefinitely on the basis of market demand.
加密货币是依据全世界的计算机运算一组方程式开源代码，通过计算机的CPU大量的运算处理产生，并使用密码学的设计来确保货币流通各个环节安全性。基于密码学的设计可以使加密货币只能被真实的拥有者转移或支付。
Encrypted currency is an open source of an equation based on computer operations around the world, generated through the computer’s CPU mass processing and using cryptography designs to ensure the security of the various links in the currency flow. A cryptography-based design allows encrypted money to be transferred or paid only by the true owner.
加密货币与其他非加密虚拟货币数量不同。加密货币总数量有限，具有极强的数量稀缺性。因为这一组方程式开源代码总量是有限的，如果想获得，就必须通过计算机CPU的运算才可以获得 。而非加密货币可以无限量发行，因而不具有增值属性。
Encrypted currencies differ from the number of other non-encrypted virtual currencies. The total number of encrypted currencies is limited and extremely scarce. Because the total number of open source codes for this equation is limited, it must be obtained through computer CPU calculations if it is to be obtained.
二、加密货币的价值。
ii. Value of encrypted currency.
正因为加密货币总量有限，具有稀缺性，所以开采的越多，币升值的越高 ，就好像地球上埋在地里的黄金，数量有限，永不贬值。我们计算机运算方程式代码的这一个运算过程就好比在金矿挖矿，帮比喻成挖矿!
Because of the limited amount of encrypted money and its scarcity, the more it is mined, the higher the appreciation of the currency, as if the gold buried in the ground on Earth were limited and never devalued. This is how we calculate the equation code of our computer operations, like digging in gold mines, helping to compare it to digging.
三、加密货币长什么样子?
III. What does the encrypted currency look like?
通过挖矿开采出来后加密货币就是一串代码，跟人民币左下角的那一串序列号一样，谁拥有这一串序列号，谁就拥有这一加密货币的使用权。
The encoded currency that is mined through mining is a code that, like the serial number of the lower left corner of the renminbi, has the right to use the encrypt currency if the person has the serial number.
四、加密货币优点。
IV. Financial advantages of encryption.
1、相比于纸币，省去纸币本身印刷、数据审核、防伪、押运流通、保险库保管等等各方面的成本。
1. The cost of printing, data checking, protection against forgery, circulation of shipments, safekeeping of vaults, etc. is avoided in comparison with banknotes.
2、完全去中心化，没有发行机构，不可能操纵发行数量。外部任何相关行业和机构无权利，也无法关闭它，加密货币价格可能有所波动。拥有加密货币的人，以及用加密货币来交易流通的人，永不会消失，因为它也是具有价值的信用货币。
2. Complete centralization, without issuers, makes it impossible to manipulate the volume of distribution. No foreign industry or institution has the right or the ability to shut it down, and the price of encrypted money may fluctuate.
3、无国界。跨境，跨国汇款，会经过层层外汇管制机构，而且交易记录会被多方记录在案。但如果用加密货币交易，直接输入账户地址，点一下鼠标，等待网络确认交易后，大量资金就过去了。不经过任何管控机构，也不会留下任何跨境交易记录，方便快捷，纸币无与伦比。
Cross-border, cross-border remittances pass through layers of foreign exchange control agencies, and transactions are recorded in multiple records. If you use encrypted currency transactions, enter directly into the account address, click on the mouse, and wait for the network to confirm the transaction, a large amount of money will pass.
4、任何商店使用加密货币交易，可省去税收以 及资金监管大量手续费的成本。全球流通非常方便，是全球老百姓、商户都非常受欢迎的货币交易模式。
4. Any store that uses encrypted currency transactions saves tax revenues and the cost of money to regulate large transaction costs. Global circulation is easy, and it is a very popular model for currency transactions for ordinary people and businesses around the world.
5、加密数字货币完全可以抵御通货膨胀的压力，让老百姓的财富保值，并且增值。因为发行数量恒定，物以稀为贵且不受央行管控。
5. Encrypted digital currencies are perfectly resistant to inflationary pressures, preserving the wealth of the population and adding value. Because they are issued in constant quantities, they are rare and not controlled by central banks.
北京时间2014年3月9日上午消息，谷歌创意主管杰雷德·科恩(Jared Cohen)本周在参加SXSW大会时表示，与比特币类似的数字加密货币将长期存在。科恩和谷歌董事长埃里克·施密特(Eric Schmidt)在此次大会上推广了合著的《新数字时代》一书。
On the morning of March 9, 2014, Beijing time news reported that the Google Creative Manager, Jared & Middot; Jared Cohen, at the SXSW conference this week, said that a digitally encrypted currency similar to Bitcoin would exist for a long time. Cowen and Google Chairman Eric & Middot; and Eric Schmidt promoted a co-authored book, The New Digital Age, at the conference.
过去几个月中，比特币价格大幅波动。与此同时，这一数字货币获得了黑客社区的强有力支持，并与某些黑市密切相关。科恩认为，比特币有其价值，但在没有得到监管的情况下将带来风险。
At the same time, this figure is strongly supported by the hacker community and is closely linked to some black markets. Cohen believes that Bitcoin has value, but risks if it is not regulated.
Mt.Gox丢失了价值4亿美元的比特币，这动摇了外界对比特币的信心。有批评者甚至直接指出，"比特币已死"。不过，科恩此次的表态是对比特币等加密货币技术的有力支持。
Mt. Gox has lost $400 million in bitcoins, which has shaken the confidence of the outside world in bitcoins. Critics have even pointed out that &quat; bitcoins are dead &quat; but Cohen has expressed strong support for crypto-currency technology such as bitcoins.
比特币能够存在仅仅是由于交易双方均认可其交易价值，因此任何人都可以自主设计虚拟货币。例如，美国科技博客Ars Technica本周就宣布将创立自己的加密货币"arscoin"。
Bitcoin can exist simply because both parties to the deal agree on the value of their transactions, so anyone can design a virtual currency on their own. For example, US technology blogger Ars Technica announced this week that he would create his own encrypted currency & quot; arscoin&quat;
科恩认为，数字加密货币面临的主要威胁在于如何安全地保管，Mt.Gox比特币丢失事件再次凸显了这一问题。近期，美国国会也就数字加密货币发起争论。一些议员认为，应加强对比特币的监管以避免风险。而另一名国会议员杰雷德·珀里斯(Jared Polis)则认为，美元有着与比特币类似的缺陷，因此如果禁用比特币，那么美元纸币也应当被禁用。
In Cowen’s view, the main threat to digitally encrypted currencies lies in safe custody, and the loss of Mt. Goxbitco has once again highlighted the problem. In recent times, the US Congress has also debated digitally encrypted currencies.
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