1.区块链钱包是什么
What's a block chain wallet?
区块链钱包是网络技术发展的重要产物，是区块链应用中以数字货币为代表的数字资产所有权的唯一证明，是区块链系统中至关重要的一个安全环节。硬件钱包将密钥保存在离线的物理存储介质中，防止恶意软件攻击，但用户必须保留一个额外的设备来进行事务处理。
Block-chain wallets are an important product of network technology development, the only proof of digital asset ownership in block-chain applications, represented by digital currency, and a vital security link in block-chain systems. Hardware wallets save keys in offline physical storage media to prevent malicious software attacks, but users must retain an additional device to handle their business.
2.区块链钱包有哪些种类
What's the type of block chain wallet ?
区块链钱包有很多种类，按照特征进行归类，可以分为以下几种：
(1)根据钱包是否接触网络，分为冷钱包、热钱包 (1) divided into cold wallets and hot wallets based on whether wallets have access to the network 冷钱包：也称为离线钱包。它采用和网络物理隔离的方式来使用，所以通常以硬件设备、实物的形式出现，用以保存用户钱包私钥并将之与网络隔离，安全性较高。通常只做资产的转入，而不转出。现在常见的冷钱包有纸钱包、脑钱包、Up盘、硬件钱包、智能手表和其他智能存储硬件等。 Cold Wallet: Also known as Offline Wallet. It is used in physical isolation from the network, so it usually appears in hardware equipment, in physical form, to preserve the user's wallet's private key and isolate it from the network, which is more secure. It is usually done only for the transfer of assets, not for the transfer. The usual cold wallets now are paper wallets, wallets, UP disks, hardware wallets, smart watches and other smart storage hardware. 热钱包：也称为在线钱包。热钱包不断地参与交易，转账，在线验证和支付，这些行为必须保持在线，功能较多但安全性不好，这种钱包存在一定的被盗、被攻击的可能性。它通常以App或者网页平台的形式出现，用户必须通过网络才能访问热钱包。一般来说，大多数用户比较热衷于热钱包，因它使用起来比较方便。而使用冷钱包的一般是拥有庞大资产的用户，他们更加注重预防黑客入侵的风险。 Hot wallets: also known as online wallets. Hot wallets are constantly involved in transactions, transfers, online validation and payment. They must remain online, have more functionality but less security, and there is a certain risk that they will be stolen or attacked. They usually appear in the form of App or web platforms, and users must access the hot wallets via the web. (2)按节点数据是否存储完整，可分为全节点钱包、轻节点钱包 (2) Whether or not data are stored in their entirety by node is divided into full node wallets and light node wallets 全节点钱包：它是将区块链上所有数据同步到钱包，这样会占用很大的存储空间，使用起来也相对比较麻烦，所以大部分全节点钱包都是桌面钱包。 Full Node Wallet: It syncs all data on the block chain to the wallet, which takes up a lot of storage space and is relatively cumbersome to use, so most of the node Wallet is a desktop wallet. 轻节点钱包：由于全节点钱包使用起来不是那么方便，所以轻节点钱包诞生了;轻钱包是依赖区块链网络中的其他全节点的钱包。一般轻钱包会运行一个全节点，同步所有数据，然后根据不同的钱包地址将数据进行划分，按需下发。由于轻节点钱包的用户体验更为良好，特别是对于区块链新手比较友好，并且它体积小，占据少量空间，还能支持多种数字资产，所以大多数用户都会选择轻节点钱包。 Light Node Wallet: As the full Node Wallet is not so easy to use, the light Node Wallet is born; light Wallet is a wallet that relies on other nodes in the block chain network. The general Light Wallet runs a full Node, syncs all data, and divides the data according to different wallet addresses and issues it on demand. Most users choose light Node Wallet because the light Node Wallet has a better experience, especially for newer members of the block chain, and because it is small in size and contains a small amount of space and supports multiple digital assets. (3)按私钥所有权，可分为中心化钱包、去中心化钱包 中心化钱包：用户不持有钱包私钥，私钥由第三方或服务商代为保管。 Centralized wallet: The user does not hold the wallet's private key, which is held by a third party or service provider. 去中心化钱包：用户自行持有钱包私钥，第三方或服务商不知晓用户私钥，也不持有。 Decentralized wallets: The user owns the wallet's private key and the third party or service provider does not know the user's private key and does not hold it. (4)按钱包存在形式分类，可分为软钱包、硬钱包 软钱包：类似App或者钱包电脑软件 。用户需要安装钱包软件客户端到电脑上或者安装钱包APP到手机上，不需要再去购买额外的专门硬件设备。 Soft Wallet: Similar to App or Wallet computer software. Users need to install wallet software clients on a computer or wallet APP on a mobile phone, and do not need to purchase additional specialized hardware equipment. 硬钱包：即硬件钱包，通常以冷钱包的形式出现，也有冷热配套的硬件钱包品牌，用户需要购买专用的外设硬件来配合使用钱包。 Hard wallets, i.e., hardware wallets, usually in the form of cold wallets and branded with cold-hot hardware wallets, require users to purchase specialized external hardware to match wallets. (5)根据是否支持多币种，可划分为单/多币种钱包，及全币种钱包 (5) may be divided into single/multi-currency wallets and full-currency wallets depending on whether multiple currencies are supported or not. 单币种钱包：顾名思义，就是只为单一区块链数字资产服务的区块链钱包。因为它通常只支持单一区块链主链平台，所以也被称为主链钱包，一般由项目方或者社区开发。 Single wallet: by definition, a block chain wallet that serves only a single block chain of digital assets. Because it usually supports only a single block chain main chain platform, it is also known as the main chain wallet, generally developed by the project party or community. 多币种钱包：支持多种区块链数字资产的钱包。多种区块链数字资产可以是一条区块链主链及围绕该主链协议设置的代币，也可以是多种区块链主链上不同的数字资产。 A multi-currency wallet: a wallet that supports digital assets in multiple block chains. A multi-block chain digital asset can be either a block chain master chain and a token set around the main chain agreement, or a different number of digital assets in a multi-block chain master chain. 全币种钱包：支持所有类型的区块链主链数字资产和代币资产的区块链钱包。但全币种钱包目前还只是设想，因为数字货币是在不断增加的，现在暂时还无法实现。随着区块链技术的进步，整个区块链生态系统的完善，相信全币种钱包终有一天会和大家见面。 But the whole wallet is still only supposed to be, because the digital currency is growing, and it is not yet possible to do so. As block chain technology advances, the entire block chain ecosystem is perfected, and it is believed that the entire wallet will one day meet with you. 3.区块链钱包的注意事项 (1)使用安全须知 (1) Use of safety information 在安装区块链钱包时切记到对应的官方网站下载，切不可随意下载使用非官方的钱包软件。 The installment of block chain wallets should be kept in mind for downloading from the corresponding official web site and should not be subject to random downloads using unofficial wallet software. 在使用钱包的过程中切记不要将自己钱包的私钥、助记词、Keystore等信息透露给其他人，这些信息都是可以直接窃取你数字资产的重要信息。记住在区块链的世界里谁掌握私钥谁才是数字资产真正的主人。 Remember, while using wallets, not to divulge information about your wallet’s private keys, notes, Keystore, etc., which are important information that can be directly stolen from your digital assets. Remember who owns the private keys in the world of the block chain is the real owner of the digital assets. (2)私钥很重要 (2) Private keys are important 私钥对于数字资产来说，意味着资产的归属权。任何时候只要私钥丢失，就意味着所有的数字资产很容易就可以被人盗走，所以私钥通常都是保存在本地，比如手机App、互联网的硬件等。而不会像支付宝那样将密码保存在服务端。交易平台账户切记开启谷歌身份验证
(Authenticator)以及手机短信验证等多重验证方式。 Private keys, for digital assets, mean ownership of assets. Whenever a private key is lost, it means that all digital assets can easily be stolen, so private keys are usually stored locally, such as mobile Apps, Internet hardware, etc. rather than at the end of the service, as payment treasures do. The transaction platform accounts keep track of multiple authentication methods such as Google Identification and SMS certification. 切记不要使用微信、QQ等聊天工具传输自己的私钥信息(非要使用此方法可先自己对私钥混淆后再传输)。 Remember not to use chat tools like micro-mail, QQ and others to transmit your private key information (it is necessary to use this method to confuse your own private key before transmitting it). (3)备份很重要 (3) Backup is important 养成定期备份自己的钱包信息的习惯，不要将鸡蛋放在同一个篮子里，可以分多个钱包或账户存储自己的数字资产。 A habit of regularly backing up information about their wallets, not putting eggs in the same basket, and having multiple wallets or accounts to store their digital assets. 加密货币钱包访问权的丢失所造成的损失可能会“价值不菲”。所以定期备份就变得至关重要。在许多情况下，这可以通过对wallet.dat档或助记词备份来实现。通常，助记词有着与私钥的非常类似的作用，但它们却更容易进行管理。如果您使用了密码进行加密，则也要记得对密码进行备份。 Losses due to the loss of access to encrypted currency wallets may be “valueful.” So regular backup becomes essential. In many cases, this can be achieved by backup of the wallet.dat slot or the helpword. Usually, letters have a very similar function to private keys, but they are easier to manage. 以上就是有关于区块链钱包的定义、种类及使用注意事项的全面梳理，如果还想了解更多区块链的相关内容，敬请关注三个皮匠报告网站。 This is a comprehensive review of the definition, type and use of block chain wallets, if there is still 推荐阅读 what is the most detailed explanation and application of the block chain intelligence contract? 《可信区块链推进计划：区块链与供应链金融(46页).pdf》 《可信区块链推进计划：区块链互操作白皮书(31页).pdf》
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