很多人听说过区块链，但是很多人对区块链的认识也就仅此而已。区块链确实不是那样容易理解的概念，让人们不容易理解区块链的原因还包括它涉及到密码学、经济学、账本、工作量证明、挖矿、去中心化等诸多概念，这貌似会比90年代计算机刚刚普及时，人们对计算机的接受过程还要漫长。
Many have heard of block chains, but many know about them only. Block chains are not such an easy concept, and they are difficult to understand because they involve cryptology, economics, books, workload proof, mining, decentralization, etc., which seems to be longer than when computers were first popular in the 1990s.
即便如此，区块链技术仍被认为是这个世界上最伟大的发明之一，那么这个“区块链”究竟是个什么东西?为什么如此火爆?
Even so, block chain technology is considered one of the greatest inventions in the world. What is this block chain? Why is it so hot?
“中心化”和“去中心化”
什么是中心化？顾名思义就是有中心的管理机构或个人，类似于单一的中介，比如说我们淘宝购物用的支付宝，买家和卖家是通过支付宝做担保，支付宝是有这样一家公司来管理运营，这里的支付宝公司就属于中心化；
What is central? By definition, a central authority or a person, similar to a single broker, such as the payment of treasures for our shopping of treasures, guaranteed by buyers and sellers through the payment of treasures, which are managed by such a company, where the payment of treasures are central;
再比如我们通过银行进行转账，银行作为一个媒介，记录了我们每个买卖双方的账户资金进出，这里的银行就属于一个中心化；
For example, we make transfers through banks, which, as a medium, record the entry and exit of funds from each of our buyers and sellers'accounts, where the banks are centralized;
再比如我们投票给某个歌手或者明星，这个投票的发起公司，作为票数统计的唯一管理方，在这里就属于一种中心化。
And, for example, we vote for a singer or a star, and the sponsor of the vote, as the sole manager of the counting of votes, is a kind of centralization here.
而“去中心化”顾名思义，就是没有某一个单位或者个体作为中介或者总记账者作为中心，而是分散在每一个“参与节点”或者说每个“参与节点”都是中心。
By definition, “decentralization” means that there is no single unit or individual acting as an intermediary or general account keeper, but rather is spread over every “participating node” or “participating node” as a centre.
什么是区块链技术？
What's block chain technology?
区块链是一种新的去中心化协议，一种特殊的分布式数据库，简单说就像一个分布式账本，在记录和存储过程中，信息是不能伪造和篡改的，并且可以自动执行智能合约，无需任何中心机构的审核。
The block chain is a new decentralised agreement, a special distributed database, a simple version of a distributed account, in which information cannot be forged or tampered with during the recording and storage process and can be automatically executed without any central agency being required to verify it.
有了区块链技术后，就相当于给每一个电脑里有区块链技术的人发了一个账本，你的收入和支出会同步呈现在大家各自的账本上，是一种新型的存储方式，由于大家都有记录的账本，从根本上解决了信任问题。
With block chain technology, it is equivalent to sending an account book to every person with block chain technology in every computer. Your income and expenditure are presented simultaneously in your respective books. It is a new form of storage, and trust is fundamentally resolved by the fact that everyone has a recorded account.
通俗一点说，区块链技术就指一种全民参与记账的方式。所有的系统背后都有一个数据库，你可以把数据库看成是就是一个大账本。
In general terms, block chain technology is a way of recording accounts with universal participation. All systems have a database that you can see as a big account book.
那么谁来记这个账本就变得很重要。目前就是谁的系统谁来记账，微信的账本就是腾讯在记，淘宝的账本就是阿里在记。
So it's important who's keeping this book. Now who's on the system, who's on the system, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account, who's on the account.
但现在区块链系统中，系统中的每个人都可以有机会参与记账。在一定时间段内如果有任何数据变化，系统中每个人都可以来进行记账，系统会评判这段时间内记账最快最好的人，把他记录的内容写到账本，并将这段时间内账本内容发给系统内所有的其他人进行备份。
But now, in a block chain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to be involved in bookkeeping. If there is any change in data within a given time period, everyone in the system can come to bookkeeping, and the system will judge the fastest and best person in the period, write the contents of his records to the books and send them back up to all others in the system.
这样系统中的每个人都有了一本完整的账本。这种方式，我们就称它为区块链技术。
So everyone in the system has a complete account book. In this way, we call it block chain technology.
区块链的应用
block chain application
举个例子：就拿国内某段时间比较火的唱歌比赛决赛投票结果来说，当主持人说投票开始，大家都开始各自为自己喜欢的明星投票，当主持人说投票停止，整个投票结束。后来大家就等待着主持人宣布结果，但是每年几乎都是一样的，就是投票结果出来后大家都会开始质疑结果，无论结果到底是不是真的，大家第一时间都是去质疑结果。
To give one example: When the moderator says that voting starts, everyone starts voting for their favorite star, and when the moderator says that voting stops, the whole vote ends. Then everyone waits for the moderator to announce the results, but every year almost the same, when the results come out, everyone starts to question the results, whether the results are true or not.
这是因为整个投票的数据根本就没有公开，只有组织者可以去看，参与者的我们根本就无权访问和查看数据的权利，还有就是目前由于是中化的，所有数据是可以篡改的，所以我们不信那个哪怕是真的结果。
This is because the data for the entire vote is not publicly available; only the organizers can read it, and the participants have no right to access and view the data, and because they are neutral, all data can be tampered with, so we do not believe that even the result is true.
但是利用区块链技术就可以很好的去解决这个问题。我们利用区块链技术，在代码中写好每一个人只能对一个选手投一票，然后利用区块链技术来进行这次投票。
But using block chain technology is a good way to solve this problem. Using block chain technology, we write in code that everyone can only vote for one player, and then we use block chain technology for this vote.
它是这样的一个过程：假设我是小明，我要将我的一票投给我喜欢的明星小花，需要写下一个消息：“我小明要把我的这一票投给我喜欢的明星小花”然后用数字签名的方法将这个信息和一个私钥一起签下名产生一个结果，并将这个结果公布给所有参与者。
It's a process: assuming I'm Ming, I'm going to vote for my favorite star flower, and I need to write a message: “I'm going to vote for my favorite star flower” and then digitally sign this message and a private key to produce an outcome that will be made public to all participants.
当所有参与者同时验证符合条件的参与者将有资格把这个消息记录在区块上通过验证（验证的就是怕小明同一时间吧同一票同时投给两个人），然后全世界的任何人都可以通过我小明的公钥来查询这个投票结果，之后所有的参与者都是用这种技术来投的票。每一个的投票都是经过所有参与者同时验证通过的。每一个投票结果都可以用相应的公钥查询到，也可以给后来的世界上的所有人查询。这样的投票结果再也不会有任何一个参与者会觉得有猫腻了。
When all participants at the same time certify that the eligible participants will be eligible to record this information on the block (which means fearing that Ming will vote for two at the same time), then anyone in the world can search for the result through my public key, after which all participants will vote with this technology. Each vote is verified by all participants at the same time. Each vote can be searched by the corresponding public key, or by everyone in the world later on.
以上的过程就是区块链区块记录信息工作的一小部分原理。
The above process is a small part of the rationale behind the recording of information in block chains.
区块链解决的是“信任”问题
The
那记账的账本那么多，那么复杂，为什么区块链可以快速实现呢？那是因为区块链里有智能合约！
There's so many books on the books, so complicated, why does the block chain work fast? That's because there's a smart contract in the block chain!
比如说：今天你和我去赌球，中国VS日本，你说日本队能赢，我说中国队能赢，咱俩打赌，谁输了就给对方100元钱。
For example, today you and I go to the game, China VS Japan, you say the Japanese team can win, I say the Chinese team can win, and we bet each other $100 if you lose.
但是有个问题，如果一方赢了，另一方耍赖不给怎么办？于是咱俩商量说，咱俩每人先拿出来100元钱交给一个咱俩都信得过的一个人叫小李，把钱放它那儿，谁赢了，小李就把钱给谁，然后那个人给小李2元钱好处费。
But there's a question, if one wins, the other won. So we're talking about giving each of us $100 to a guy we both trust, named Li, who's got the money, who's gonna give it to him, and who's gonna give it to him, and who's gonna give it to him for $2.
这个过程还存在一个非常大的问题，就是小李跑路了，小李私吞了200元钱。
A very big problem with this process is that Li ran off and stole $200.
那怎么办呢？
So what do we do?
我们使用区块链吧，我们写了一串区块链的代码：
Let's use the block chain. We wrote the code for a block chain:
设定 比赛结果为 a
Set the result of the competition as a
a=调用XX官方赛事结果平台的接口（2018年11月1日中国队VS日本队这场足球比赛）
a = call the interface of the XX official results platform (the Chinese team VS Japan football match of 1 November 2018)
if （中国队赢了）{pay 200 to 我}
{\cHFFE7C5}If the Chinese team wins, pay 200 to me {\cHFFE7C5}
else pay 200 to 你
I'm sorry, Else pay 200 to you.
这样一个智能合约就生成了，这下就不用相信任何人了，代码就会是像傻子一样的执行，如果中国队赢了，我的账户里面就会收到200元，反之，你的账户就会收到200元。
Such an intelligent contract is created, and then you don't have to trust anyone, and the code will be executed like a fool, and if the Chinese team wins, I will receive $200 in my account, and instead you will receive $200 in your account.
所以，你有没有发现，区块链解决的是什么？信任问题，是去中心化的，不再由某一个第三方机构担保，而是形成了一个“智能的”合同，会严格按照约定执行，我们常说的区块链的“智能合约”就是这回事。
So, you don't see what the block chain solves? The question of trust is decentralized, no longer guaranteed by a third-party institution, but rather a “smart” contract, which we often call a “smart contract” for the block chain.
区块链的应用价值
The application value of the
现实中有太多领域，行业是可以用区块链来解决信任问题的：
There are too many areas in reality where the industry can solve trust problems through a block chain:
比如房地产的确权，房主要卖房，和买房者签订了购房合同，买房打了定金和首付，但是这个时候房价暴涨，房主违约了，不卖了，宁可付违约费也不卖了，这个时候还要靠打官司等方式来解决，效率低下，就算是正常的买卖，走审核流程也非常效率低下。
Real estate, for example, does have real rights, houses are mainly sold, contracts are made with buyers, and the purchase price is set down and down payment is made, but at a time when the house price is so high that the owner defaults, does not sell, prefers to pay for default, and at a time when it will have to be settled through litigation, inefficiency, and even if it is a normal sale, the process of auditing is very inefficient.
如果国家把房产设置对应的数字资产编号，然后做了一个底层的房产智能合约平台，那么买方，卖方，中介就只需要在房产智能合约平台上搭建一个智能合约：
If the State establishes a corresponding digital asset number for the property and then makes a bottom-level platform for a property smart contract, then the buyer, the seller, the intermediary will only need to create an intelligent contract on the premises smart contract platform:
房产12345 属于 张三，
The real estate of 12345 belongs to Zhang San.
if {李四 给张三 付50万数字货币}
If Li Qi pays Zhang San $500,000 in numeric currency
房产12345 产权被锁定
Property 12345. Property is locked in.
if{李四 给张三付了余款100万}
If Lee 4 paid Zhang 3 the balance of $1 million
房产12345 产权 划到李四
Property 12345, title to Li Qian.
效率就会大幅的提升，这里面大家肯定会担心，比如资产安全各方面的问题，大家这点可以绝对放心，随着技术的发展，这些都不是问题，人们在十年前可能也没办法想象，居然有一天出门不用带现金，都是用支付宝，微信上的那些数字吧，时代就是这样在进步，而区块链恰恰处在这样的拐点上。
There will be a huge increase in efficiency, and there will certainly be concerns about, for example, aspects of asset security, which you can rest assured that, with the development of technology, these are not problems, and it might not have been possible to imagine a decade ago that one day, without cash, would have gone out with payment treasures, the numbers on the micro-letters, that is the way the times are progressing, and that is the point at which the chain of blocks is at the corner.
同时我们也要认识到，区块链和中心化并不是对立的，只能根据应用场景的差异从而选择不同的技术。而且两者可以共生，彼此互相取长补短。
At the same time, we have to realize that the chain and centralization of blocks are not opposing, and that different technologies can only be selected according to the differences in the application landscape. And they can be symbiotic and complement each other.
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