区块链的类型
不同类型的区块链协议概述。我们将深入探讨共识方法，了解公共区块，财团区块和私有区块链之间的差异;?他们的用途和价值主张。
An overview of the different types of block chain agreements. We will explore in depth a common approach to understanding the differences between public blocks, consortium blocks and private block chains; their use and value propositions.
2.1?欢迎来到第2周的?文章
Welcome to the second week?
2.2?区块链?视频的类型（05:34）
2.2?
区块链应用程序
在本活动中，您将学习区块链中使用的不同类型协议的应用和使用。
At this activity, you will study the application and use of different types of protocols used in the block chain.
2.3?智能合约?视频（06:17）
2.3? Smart Contract? Video (06:17)
2.4?智能合约：以太坊平台?视频（04:58?）
2.4? intelligent contract: Etheria platform? Video (04:58?)
2.5?分散应用?视频（05:14）
2.6?测试你的知识?测验
2.6? >/strong > test your knowledge?
2.7?区块链在哪些领域最具潜力？?讨论
What are the most promising areas of the block chain?
2.8?词汇表?文章
2.8? > Glossary? >
区块链的障碍和潜力
在本活动中，您将了解区块链面临的技术挑战，并将分析企业如何从这项技术中受益。
At this event, you will understand the technical challenges facing the block chain and will analyse how businesses can benefit from this technology.
2.9?击败?视频的障碍（06:36）
2.9?
2.10?企业如何从区块链技术中受益？?视频（08:26）
How can 2.10? companies benefit from block chain technology? Video (08:26)
2.11?区块链应该如何监管？?讨论
How should the chain of blocks be regulated?
2.12?周评论?文章
2.12? Weekly review? >
在课程的第二周，我们将发现三种不同类型的区块链：公共，财团和私人。
In the second week of the course, we will find three different types of block chains: public, financial and private.
我们还将了解公司如何逐步接近这些新系统并运行测试以在实施重大变更之前获得经验。到本周末，您将了解主要区块链协议的主要特征：以太坊，Hyperledger和Tendermint。
We will also know how the company will approach these new systems and run tests to gain experience before implementing major changes. By the end of this weekend, you will learn the main features of the chain agreement between the main blocks of > : , Hyperledger and Tendermint.
除此之外，在这些单元中，您将了解区块链如何用于智能合约以及这些区块在许多领域的潜力，以及了解与这些合同执行相关的法律框架。
In addition, in these modules you will learn how the blocks chain is used in the smart contracts of and the potential of these blocks in many areas, as well as the legal framework relevant to the implementation of these contracts.
享受并分享您的印象！
Enjoy and share your impressions!
?EIT InnoEnergy
可以应用于区块链的不同类型的协议：公共BC，联盟BC和私有BC。
在本视频中，您将了解许多公司正在采取的渐进方法，通过在私有区块链中运行测试来获取经验，同时为其活动的主要迁移做准备，同时避免公共区块链的一些限制。 。
In this video, you will learn about the incremental approach being taken by many companies to gain experience by running tests in the private block chain, while preparing for the main migration of their activities, while avoiding some of the limitations of the public block chain.
来自BlockInfinity区块链开发人员Alexander Kaiser的一课。
A lesson from Alexander Kaiser, BlockInfinity Block Chain Developer.
?EIT InnoEnergy
0:12?跳到0分12秒到目前为止，每当我们谈到区块链时，我们通常都指公共区块链。但是，它并不是唯一的区块链类型。区块链可以根据其特征标记为公共，私有或混合，可以称为联合区块链。让我们从头开始。公共链背后的特征是什么？在公共链中，每个人都可以下载区块链的副本，在网络中编写交易并参与共识。其次，读写访问不限于某个组，并且所有用户具有相同的权限。比特币是这种公共链的明显例子。
0:12? Jump to 0:12? So far, every time we talk about a block chain, we usually refer to a public block chain. But, it's not the only block chain type. The block chain can be marked as a public, private or mixed chain based on its characteristics. It can be called a joint block chain. Let's start from scratch. What are the features behind the public chain? In the public chain, everyone can download a copy of the block chain, prepare a transaction and participate in consensus in the network. Secondly, reading and writing access is not limited to one group, and all users have the same authority. Bitcoin is a clear example of this public chain.
1:00?跳至1分0秒但是，可以在向一个特定节点授予其他权限的同时对某些用户应用限制。当发生这种情况时，我们称之为私有区块链。此限制可能会影响读取访问，写入访问或两者。在这些场景中，只有中央机构可以参与交易背后的验证过程。但这背后的附加价值是什么？区块链包含各种技术和流程。它包含数据存储，数据分发，数字签名，共识机制，加密和数字识别等。众所周知，这捆技术需要付出代价。
One minute? One minute? But, while granting other privileges to a particular node, there are restrictions for certain users. When this happens, we call it the private block chain. This limitation may affect access, write access or both. In these scenarios, only the central agency can be involved in the validation process behind the transaction. What is the added value behind this? The block chain contains a variety of technologies and processes. It includes data storage, data distribution, digital signatures, consensus mechanisms, encryption and digital identification.
1:50?跳过1分50秒Blockchains每天消耗大量的能量，目前支持的每秒事务数量可能不足以满足所有目的。私人链是这些问题的情境解决方案。而不是处理我们并不真正需要的功能带来的缺点，使用针对特定应用定制的稍微精简的区块链版本不是更好吗？这就是私人连锁店的用武之地。基本上，私人连锁店是由单一实体控制的区块链。例如，在公司内运营的区块链。在这种情况下，公司运营必要的服务器，决定谁可以访问并负责达成共识。
1:50? Skipping a minute and 50 seconds of Blockchains consumes a great deal of energy every day, and the number of transactions currently supported may not be sufficient for all purposes. Private chains are a contextual solution to these problems.
2:40?跳到2分40秒如果我们从等式中删除了在所有用户之间达成共识的艰难过程，我们加快了块创建时间并增加了最大可能的事务数量
2.40? Jump to 2 minutes 40 seconds. If we remove from the equation the difficult process of reaching consensus among all users, we speed up the creation time and increase the number of things that are most likely to happen.
2:52?跳到2分52秒现在您可能会想：如果私有区块链需要中央权限......那么与旧的组织系统有什么不同？那么还有很多好处。最直接的是安全性的增加和分类账的不变性，这使得私有区块链特别适合内部会计。最重要的是，公司可以使用私有区块链运行试点测试并获得经验，然后再将其活动主要迁移到公共区块链。这是在低风险环境中获得经验的简单方法。现在让我们转到第三组，即所谓的财团链。
252? Jump to 2 minutes and 52 seconds now you may wonder: If the private block chain requires central authority... then what is the difference with the old organizational system? There are many benefits. The most immediate ones are security increases and the non-variability of the ledgers, which makes the private block chain particularly suitable for internal accounting. Most importantly, companies can use the private block chain to run pilot tests and gain experience, and then move their activities mainly to the public block chain. This is a simple way to gain experience in a low-risk environment. Now, let's move to the third group, the so-called consortium chain.
3:39?跳至3分39秒联盟链也对其部分用户施加限制，但与私人链不同，其治理分为两个或更多实体。根据每个案例的具体设计，联盟链可以更接近公共或私人链，但它们具有一些共同特征。其中最主要的是，共识过程由一组预先选定的节点控制。我们可以想到的最常见的情况是由一群有共同兴趣的公司经营的连锁店。让我们用一个真实的案例来描绘它。想象一下两家非常习惯经常互相交易的公司。
3:39? Jumping to 3 minutes and 39 seconds of the chain also limits some of its users, but unlike private chains, governance is divided into two or more entities. Depending on the specific design of each case, the chain can be closer to public or private chains, but they share some common features. The most important of these is that the consensus process is controlled by a pre-selected set of nodes. The most common thing we can think of is a chain run by a group of companies with a common interest.
4:22?跳到4分22秒他们习惯了旧的做事方式，因此每次他们执行交易时，他们会联系负责匹配和清算操作的经纪人。最后，这个经纪人大幅削减了馅饼！然而，这些公司希望探索新的更有效的做事方式，因此他们决定共同建立一个财团链。在这个新场景中，他们中的每一个都将拥有相同的投票权，以便在分类账上达成共识，并且他们可以在没有任何中间人的情况下完成。他们刚刚创建了一种自动化且安全的方式来相互交换，所有这些都是由区块链带来的。
4:22? Jumping to 4 minutes and 22 seconds, they get used to the old way of doing things, so every time they do business, they contact the brokers who are in charge of matching and clearing operations. Finally, the broker cuts the pies sharply. However, these companies want to explore new and more efficient ways of doing business, so they decide to build a chain of assets together. In this new scenario, each of them will have the same vote in order to reach a consensus on the ledger, and they can do it without any middlemen. They have just created an automated and secure way to trade with each other, all of which is brought about by the chain of blocks.
5:05?跳到5分5秒匹配和清除的规则集不再依赖于代理。它们以智能合约的形式编码。但什么是智能合约？这个以及更多问题将在下一课中回答，请与我们联系！
5:05? The rule set of five minutes to match and clear is no longer dependent on agents. They are coded in the form of smart contracts. But what is smart contracts? This and more questions will be answered in the next lesson, please contact us!
智能合约是了解区块链如何用于许多其他用途而不仅仅是经济交易的一个很好的例子。
Smart contracts are a good example of how block chains are used for many other purposes, not just for economic transactions.
在本视频中，您将了解智能合约是什么，它如何运作以及它拥有的一些不同应用程序。
In this video, you will learn what a smart contract is, how it works and what different applications it has.
来自Fle****O联合创始人，首席技术官Grzegorz Bytniewski的一课。
A course by Grzegorz Bytniewski, Co-founder of Fle****O, Chief Technical Officer.
?EIT InnoEnergy
0:12?跳到0分12秒区块链作为一支能够在多部门层面影响世界的破坏性力量进行整合的真正飞跃是由智能合约带来的。但什么是智能合约？它意识到，能够作为电子现金交易平台的分散式分类账可以完美地用于其他类型的数据，如复杂的程序或非财务记录。智能合约是可以存储在区块链中执行复杂操作的代码段。当一个或多个条件匹配时，它是具有自执行能力的软件。
0:12? The real leap to 0:12 seconds of block chains as a destructive force capable of integrating the world at a multi-sectoral level is made by smart contracts. But what is smart contracts? It realizes that a decentralized ledger that can serve as a platform for electronic cash transactions can be used perfectly for other types of data, such as complex programs or non-financial records. Smart contracts can be stored to perform complex operating code segments in blocks chains. When one or more conditions match, it is self-executing software.
0:46?跳至0分46秒智能合约是一个术语，用于描述能够使用区块链技术促进，执行和执行协议的协商或执行的计算机程序。整个过程是自动化的，可以作为法律合同的补充或替代，其中合同条款以代码行的形式记录，作为一组指令。为了更好地理解这个概念，请参阅引用以太坊的创造者Vitalik Buterin用于描述概念的例子。
0:46? A smart contract to 0:46 seconds is a term used to describe computer programs that can be negotiated or executed using block chain technology to facilitate, execute and enforce agreements. The process is automated and can be supplemented or replaced by a legal contract in which the terms of the contract are recorded in code lines as a set of instructions. For a better understanding of the concept, see the example of Vitalik Buterin, the creator of the Taipan, used to describe the concept.
1:17?跳到1分17秒“假设你从我这里租了一套公寓。?您可以通过使用加密货币支付区块链来完成此操作。?您收到我们的虚拟合同中的收据;?我给你一个指定日期前来的数字输入键。?如果密钥没有按时到达，区块链会发放退款。?如果我在租赁日期之前发送密钥，?该功能会?在日期到来时分别向您和我发放费用和密钥。?该系统在If-Then的前提下工作，并有数百人见证，?因此您可以期待完美的交付。?如果我给你钥匙，我肯定会得到报酬。?如果您在比特币中发送一定金额，则会收到密钥。?该文件在该时间之后自动取消，?并且在没有其他人知道的情况下，我们任何一方都不会干扰该代码，?因为所有参与者都被同时警告。
1:17? Jump to 1:17, "Supposing that you rented an apartment from me." You can do this by paying a block chain with an encrypted currency. You receive a receipt from our virtual contract; I give you a digital input key from a specified date. If the key does not arrive on time, the block chain will release a refund. If I send the key before the lease date, the key will be cancelled. The function will be: each of us will issue the cost and the key separately when the date comes. The system works under If-Then and has hundreds of witnesses, so you can expect the perfect delivery. If I give you the key, I will certainly get the payment. If you send a certain amount in Bitcoin, the key will be paid. The document will be cancelled automatically after that time.
2:09?跳到2分9秒但是他们如何真正起作用？有效设计智能合约并将其发布在区块链上以便开始执行其功能有哪些步骤？
2:09? Jump to 2 minutes 9 seconds, but how do they really work? What are the steps to effectively design and post smart contracts on block chains in order to start performing their functions?
2:20?跳到2分20秒接下来的过程是：首先，合同必须编码。程序员必须定义一旦执行合同就会触发的结果，更重要的是，必须匹配哪些条件才能实现这一点。
The next process to jump to 2 minutes and 20 seconds is, first, that the contract must be coded. The programmer must define the outcome that will trigger the contract once it is executed, and, more importantly, the conditions that must be matched to achieve this.
2:35?跳到2分35秒在上一个例子中：如果合同收到足够的资金，那么公寓的钥匙将被发送给买家。第二，它必须部署到分布式分类帐。合同一旦有效发布，它将被分配到公共分类账中，系统的所有用户都可以访问该分类账。因此，它将准备开始发送/接收资金。最后，遵循区块链规则，一旦合同公布，每次执行都将导致系统中的每个节点达成其结果的单独协议。然后，将使用该执行结果的记录更新网络。
2.35? Jump to 2 minutes 35 seconds in the previous example: if the contract receives sufficient funds, the key to the apartment is sent to the buyer. Second, it must be deployed to the distributed ledger. Once the contract is validly issued, it will be assigned to the public ledger, which will be accessible to all users of the system. Therefore, it will be prepared to start sending/receipt the funds. Finally, following the block chain rule, once the contract is published, each execution will result in a separate agreement of its results for each node in the system.
3:14?跳到3分14秒这些结果将被写入并存储在区块链中，从那时起单方操作就不可能了。所有集中式系统都很容易通过使用智能合约进行分散。银行提供的贷款，产权登记，投票系统，监管合规以及艺术家的版税......实际上，任何需要强大安全性，识别和隐私的东西都可以通过转换到使用智能合约的平台来优化。
3:14? The results will be written and stored in the block chain in 3 minutes and 14 seconds, and it will not be possible to operate unilaterally from then on. All centralized systems are easily dispersed through the use of smart contracts. Loans from banks, title registrations, voting systems, regulatory compliance, and royalties from artists. In practice, anything that requires strong security, recognition and privacy can be optimized by switching to platforms using smart contracts.
3:46?跳过3分46秒智能合约用于：能源部门，在生态系统中的消费者和消费者之间进行支付，其中第一个将剩余的能量卖给第二组。点对点在分散能源部门，赋予消费者权力和开放竞争市场方面具有巨大潜力。保险，降低管理成本并减少发放付款所需的时间。此外，智能合约的使用允许将软件链接到测量诸如风速或地震幅度之类的参数的数据库和传感器，记录在区块链中的数据，并且当超过确定的阈值时触发智能合约的结果。
3:46? Skipping 3 minutes and 46 seconds of smart contracts is used for the energy sector to pay between consumers and consumers in ecosystems, the first of which sells the remaining energy to the second group. Point pairs have great potential for decentralizing the energy sector, empowering consumers, and opening up competitive markets. Insurance, reducing management costs and reducing the time needed to issue payments. In addition, smart contracts are used to allow software to be linked to databases and sensors that measure parameters such as wind speed or seismic magnitude, record data in block chains, and trigger the results of smart contracts when they exceed established thresholds.
4:28略读4分28秒专利和版权，证明对版权保护的所有权的智能合约，如音乐行业的歌曲，将确保持有人每次使用内容时都会收到版税商业目的。这也用于确保对真实状态的所有权。物联网，在一切都走向全球互联互通的时代，智能合约是它的关键推动者。每个合同都可以调出多个数据库的数据，并在需要时触发其他多个合同的执行。整个流程可以通过一系列智能合约来构建。
4:28 A little reading of patents and copyrights for 4 minutes and 28 seconds to demonstrate ownership of copyright protection smart contracts, such as music songs, will ensure that the owner receives royalties for business purposes every time he uses the content. This is also used to ensure ownership of the real state. In an era when everything moves to global connectivity, smart contracts are its key enablers. Each contract can extract data from multiple databases and trigger the execution of other contracts when needed.
5:03?跳到5分3秒例如，跟踪已发送的包，每个传感器在区块链上形成自己的节点，智能合约可以将设备的“拥有”记录到每个单独的传感器，然后地点。包裹上的条形码/ NFC芯片/其他跟踪设备将在前往您家的路上的每个传感器上读取。每次由新传感器读取时，其位置都被区块链上的所有物联网参与者广播并同意。由于包的位置的每个记录都按特定顺序加密到区块链中，因此没有用于跟踪包的安全系统。
5:03? Jump to 5 minutes and 3 seconds, for example, to track the package sent, each sensor forming its own nodes on the block chain, and the smart contract can record the equipment “own” to each individual sensor, and then the location. The bar code/NFC chip/other tracking device on the package will be read on each sensor on the way to your home. Each time read by the new sensor, its location is broadcast and agreed by all network participants in the block chain. Since each record of the location of the package is encrypted in a specific sequence into the block chain, there is no security system for tracking the package.
5:39?跳到5分39秒智能合约随后一直保持着“占有”的标签，巩固了对确切位置的信任。巨大的潜力促使无数智能合约开始在不同的生态系统中发布，其中大多数使用不同的协议，当然还有不同的加密货币。此外，它们是用不同的编程语言编写的，产生了不均匀的质量。该部门呼吁统一。
5:39? The five-minute-39-second smart contracts have since maintained the label of “possession”, consolidating confidence in the exact location. The huge potential has prompted numerous smart contracts to begin to be published in different ecosystems, most of them using different protocols and, of course, different encrypted currencies. Moreover, they are written in different programming languages, creating uneven quality.
以太坊是一个托管智能合约的平台，有助于出现越来越多的加密货币。
is a platform for hosting smart contracts that help to generate an increasing number of encrypted currencies.
在本视频中，您将学习以太，燃气，虚拟计算机等概念，以及定义基于供需的加密货币价值的方法。
In this video, you will learn concepts such as too much gas, virtual computers, and how to define the value of encrypted currency based on supply and demand.
来自Fle****O首席执行官兼联合创始人Simone Accornnero的一课。
A lesson from Simone Accorrnero, CEO and co-founder of Fle****O.
?EIT InnoEnergy
0:12?跳至0分12秒Ethereum是一个基于区块链技术的开源平台，使开发人员能够构建和发布分散的应用程序。在以太坊到来之前，创建一个基于区块链的应用程序，需要复杂的编码背景和密码学专业知识。以太坊为开发人员提供了以更加简化的方式构建它们的工具，加快了流程并降低了难度。它存在比特币和以太坊之间的常见混淆，主要是由于它们是处理区块链相关主题时最臭名昭着的两个不断重复的名称。但两者的目的各不相同。
0:12? Jump to 0:12 seconds Etheeum is an open-source platform based on block chain technology that allows developers to build and distribute decentralized applications. Before the Taiwan arrives, creating a block-chain-based application requires complex coding background and cryptography expertise. The Taiwan provides developers with tools to construct them in a more simplified way, speeds up the process and reduces the difficulty. It has common confusion between Bitcoin and Taicha, mainly because they are the two most notorious and repeated names for dealing with the topics associated with the block chain.
0:50?跳至0分50秒虽然比特币提供并强制执行单个应用程序，即点对点电子支付系统，但以太网旨在托管和运行已构建在其上的任何应用程序。当然，比特币使用比特币作为货币和奖励来激励矿工验证交易，而另一方面，以太是以太坊使用的货币。在以太坊生态系统中，应用程序用户使用以太网来支付以太坊网络上的交易费用和服务。但是什么让以太坊变得特别？好吧，以太坊的区块链用于分配用户创建的任何基于区块链的应用程序。如果有人开始与以太坊平台进行交互，您可以安装许多以太坊客户端中的一个。
0:50? Jump to 0:50, while Bitcoin provides and enforces individual applications, i.e. point-to-point electronic payment systems, the Teethnet is designed to host and run any applications that are built on them. Of course, Bitcoin uses bitcoin as a currency and reward to motivate miners to verify transactions, while, on the other hand, it is too in the currency used by Taiwan. In the Etheraya ecosystem, application users use Tethnet to pay for transaction costs and services on the Taiyu network. But what makes the Tai Hoa special?
1:35?跳过1分35秒有效地将计算机变成以太坊区块链的节点，因此被授予发布合同或将以太网发送给他们选择的智能合约的权利。这就是为什么以太坊被认为有可能承载数千种不同应用程序的开发。它们提供环境，但开发取决于用户。这就是为什么人们普遍认为比特币对于以太坊而言是微软Office对Windows的唯一影响，仅仅是整个操作系统的软件。如果在上一节中我们评论了智能合约如何有可能替代任何集中式应用程序。以太坊提供了生态系统，可以找到，开发和执行所有这些。
1:35? Skipping 1 minute and 35 seconds to effectively turn computers into the nodes of the Ether block chain, so being awarded the right to issue contracts or send them to a smart contract of their choice. That is why it is considered possible to carry the development of thousands of different applications. They provide the environment, but development depends on the user. That is why it is widely believed that Bitcoin is the only influence of Microsoft Office on Windows for Ether, and only the software of the entire operating system.
2:19?跳到2分19秒因此，通过作为托管智能合约的平台，我们可以说以太坊用例几乎是无限的，应用领域如此多样化，如能源，真实状态，银行业务或人群 -资金。比特币是第一个在名称和市值上获得的加密货币，但以太坊的以太网也有类似的进展。在今年年初（2017年1月），您可以在一些贸易场所购买1个以太网，大约8欧元。仅用了6个月，它的价格就超过了400欧元。这种气候带来了巨大的机会，让其他加密货币以其他类型资产前所未有的速度冲浪并获得市值。
2.19? So, by acting as a platform for hosting smart contracts in 2 minutes and 19 seconds, we can say that the Tai Yong case is almost unlimited, with such diversity of applications as energy, real state, banking, or crowd-money. Bitcoin is the first encrypted currency to be obtained on name and market value, but the Ethernet also makes similar progress. At the beginning of this year (January 2017), you can buy an Ethernet at some trading sites. In just six months, it costs more than Euro400. This climate offers a huge opportunity for other encrypted currencies to surf at an unprecedented speed and obtain market value for other types of assets.
3:04?跳到3分4秒区块链初创公司普遍采用新模式
3:04? Three minutes to four seconds. New models are common for start-up companies.
3:08对于其产品的市场发布，请跳至3分8秒：ICO。ICO或初始硬币产品是伴随市场发行新硬币的事件，投资者有机会首次获得所需数量的封闭式代币库。需求越高，令牌获得的价格越快。为什么这很有趣？因为ICO对特定令牌的成功直接表明了由该特定令牌启用的商业模式在投资者中唤醒的兴趣。换句话说，通过ICO筹集资金的成功直接揭示了投资者对该商业模式及其背后的公司/企业的兴趣。
3.08 For the marketing of its products, jump to 3 minutes and 8 seconds: ICO. The ICO or initial coin product is an event accompanying the market with the issuance of new coins, and investors have the opportunity to obtain the required number of closed coins for the first time. The higher the demand, the faster the price of the medal. Why is it interesting?
3:46?跳过3分46秒ICO不要与传统的首次公开募股（首次公开募股）相混淆，在这些公司中，您正在收购公司的实际股票。无论是人群融资，还是与私人投资者直接互动的地方。ICO是一个相对较新的现象，第一个发生在2013年。然而，这种形式在势头上有所增加，而在2017年8月，每天都有10个新的ICO发生。预计在2017年秋季，这一数字将增加到每周200多个ICO。截至2017年6月，ICO筹集的资金超过3.8亿美元。
3:46? Skip 3 minutes and 46 seconds before the ICO is confused with the traditional first-time public fund-raising (first-time public fund-raising) where you are buying real shares of the company. Whether in crowd finance or where you interact directly with private investors. The ICO is a relatively new phenomenon, the first one occurring in 2013. However, this form is gaining momentum, with 10 new ICOs occurring every day in August 2017. This number is expected to increase to more than 200 ICOs per week in the autumn of 2017. As of June 2017, the ICO raised more than $380 million.
4:23?跳到4分23秒由于市场的高波动性，很难知道哪些硬币会以成功的方式起飞，但这并不能阻止人们渴望投入大量资金。不要错过这个新市场提供的机会。早在2014年，以太坊就为自己举办了迄今为止最成功的ICO，在42天内筹集了1800万美元。
4:23? Because of the high volatility of the market, it is hard to know which coins take off in a successful way, but that does not prevent people from wanting to invest a lot of money. Don’t miss the opportunity offered by this new market.
基于区块链的应用程序不仅可以替代已建立的流程，还可以替换价值链中的多个实体。
观看此视频，了解DAO和DApp是什么以及分散式系统带来的巨大潜力，并在评论中分享您的想法。
Read this video, understand what DAO and Dapp are and the great potential offered by decentralized systems, and share your thoughts in your comments.
来自Blockchain专家和首席教育家Oriol Pujoldevall的教训。
Lessons from Blockchain expert and lead educator Oriol Pujoldevall.
?EIT InnoEnergy
0:13?跳到0分13秒在过去的课程中，我们谈了很多关于权力下放的可能性。但究竟是什么将应用程序标记为分散的？不同的开发者可能会有所不同。了解分散的应用程序及其真正的潜力需要明确定义它们。任何应用程序必须满足四个标准才能实现分散状态。首先，应用程序必须是开源和自治的。这意味着没有一个机构持有系统中的大多数令牌，导致所有更改在执行之前需要达成共识。其次，管理应用程序的数据和协议必须以加密方式存储并在区块链中加以保护。
0:13? Jump to 0:13 in the past course, we talked a lot about the possibility of decentralization. But what labels applications as decentralized? Different developers may differ. Understanding decentralized applications and their real potential needs to be clearly defined. Any application must meet four criteria to achieve fragmentation. First, the application must be open-source and autonomous.
0:55?跳至0分55秒在第三位，加密货币或代币用于奖励支持网络的用户，并支付应用程序访问权限。我们在矿工中找到了比特币和以太坊的明显例子。最后，在第四位，仅在激励用户对系统的贡献的算法之后生成新令牌。未能实现所有这四个指导原则对于分散应用程序的采用可能是致命的。此外，还有另一种分类可用于理解应用程序已实现的分散程度，分析应用程序的架构，政治和逻辑组件。
0:55? Jumping to 0:55 seconds in third, encrypt money or tokens to reward users supporting the network and pay access to applications. We found clear examples of bitcoin and Ether among miners. Finally, in fourth place, new tokens are created only after the algorithms that motivate users to contribute to the system. Failure to achieve all four guiding principles for the application of decentralized applications can be fatal. In addition, another classification can be used to understand the degree of fragmentation that the application has achieved, to analyse the structure of the application, the political and logical components.
1:36?跳至1分36秒在架构方面，我们必须确定系统中有多少节点，物理计算机构成一个系统，以及系统可以容忍多少台计算机发生故障？在政治方面，我们必须确定有多少个人或组织控制构成该系统的这些计算机。最后，在逻辑方面，我们必须区分日期是在单一结构上组织还是分成独立单元。回答这些问题，我们可以确定每个应用程序实现了多大程度的分散化。
1:36? To 1 minute 36 seconds in architecture, we have to determine how many nodes in the system, how many physical computers constitute a system, and how many computers the system can tolerate malfunctioning. On the political level, we have to determine how many individuals or organizations control the computers that make up the system. Finally, in logic, we have to distinguish between dates organized on a single structure and split into separate units. To answer these questions, we can determine to what extent each application has been decentralized.
2:08略过2分8秒然而，正如以太坊创始人Vitalik Buterin所指出的那样，?“对于每种情况，最高程度并不总是最方便的，?并且一些应用程序可能会因使用稍微集中的方法而受益。”权力下放为用户提供了大量的好处。它们的容错能力使攻击分散的网络变得不可行且昂贵。与集中式网络不同，对区块链进行成功攻击需要巨大的计算潜力，而且大多数时候，唯一的成本将在经济上对攻击者不利。最后，权力下放是共谋的障碍，传统上允许集中的公司和政府以不透明的方式开展业务和业务。
2:08 is less than two minutes and eight seconds, however, as Vitalik Buterin, the founder of the Taiku, has pointed out, “The maximum is not always the most convenient for each case, and some applications may benefit from the use of a slightly centralized approach.” Decentralization offers a great deal of benefits to users. Their tolerance makes it unfeasible and expensive to attack decentralized networks. Unlike centralized networks, successful attacks on block chains require great computing potential, and most of the time the only cost will be economically unfavourable to the attackers. Finally, decentralization is a barrier to complicity that has traditionally allowed centralized companies and governments to operate and operate in a non-transparent manner.
2:51略过2分51秒分散化带来的可能性是无穷无尽的，其中一个例子就是2016年8月DAO的一项举措.DAO代表权力下放的自治组织。其核心价值主张是对一组组织的规则和决策机构进行编码，消除对文件和人员管理的需要，创建一个分散控制的结构。
2:51 A little less than 2 minutes and 51 seconds of decentralization is an endless possibility, one example being an initiative of the DAO in August 2016. DAO represents a decentralized self-governing organization. Its core values advocate the codification of the rules and decision-making bodies of a group of organizations, the elimination of the need for documentation and personnel management, and the creation of a decentralized structure.
3:15?跳到3分15秒这是它的工作原理：一群人写下将运行组织的智能合约。这些合同是公开的，因此所有未来的投资者都可以检查和了解组织运作的模式。有一个初始资助期，人们通过购买代表所有权的代币向DAO添加资金。ICO?资金期结束后，DAO开始运作。人们可以向DAO提出如何筹集资金的建议，获得代币的投资者可以投票决定是否接受。正如我们之前评论过的那样，将这些代币与股票权益区分开来非常重要。
3:15? Jumping to 3 minutes and 15 seconds is its working principle: a group of people write down smart contracts that will run the organization. These contracts are open, so all prospective investors can examine and understand the way the organization operates. There is an initial funding period in which people add money to DAO by buying a token of ownership. ICO? After the funding period is over, DAO becomes operational. One can advise DAO on how to raise funds.
3:55?跳到3分55秒大多数DAO都不属于任何人，令牌只是授予投票权。作为一家风险投资公司运营，投资者的收益来自于该组织通过其投资获得的利润。最臭名昭着的DAO是2016年4月推出的一项计划，有28天的资金窗口。它迅速普及，筹集了超过1.5亿美元，成为有史以来最成功的ICO。一旦人群销售结束，就会开始讨论在开始为提案提供资金之前首先解决漏洞问题。当时，有超过50个项目提案正在等待DAO的代币持有者对其进行投票。
3:55? The majority of DAOs do not belong to anyone in 3 minutes and 55 seconds, giving votes. As a venture capital company, investors earn profits from the organization's investments. The most notorious DAO is a 28-day funding window that was launched in April 2016. It spread rapidly, raising more than $150 million to become the most successful ICO in history.
4:35?跳过4分35秒代码中的漏洞导致DAO项目在部分募集资金在攻击后遭到入侵后被放弃。然而，该项目最初的大规模接受，验证了用户在没有更多治理的情况下投资分散组织的概念和意愿，而不是每个时刻都可以访问的纯粹代码行。到目前为止，我们学习了区块链技术的基础知识。是时候向前迈进，发现接下来会发生什么。
4:35? Skipping a four-minute-35-second bug in the code, the DAO project was abandoned after a partial fund-raising invasion after the attack. However, the initial large-scale acceptance of the project validated the concept and willingness of the user to invest in the decentralized organization without more governance, rather than the purely code line that can be accessed at every moment. So far, we have learned the basics of block chain technology. It is time to move forward and find out what will happen next.
关于公共区块链的说法是什么？
What's the story about the public block chain?
某些节点被授予特殊权限。
Certain nodes are granted special privileges.
他们需要一个共识机制。
They need a consensus mechanism.
它们由单个实体控制。
They are controlled by individual entities.
它们特别便于两家公司之间的业务往来。
In particular, they facilitate transactions between the two companies.
它们是公司进行试验性飞行员的理想选择。
They're the ideal choice for the company to pilot the pilot.
?Oriol Pujoldevall?首席教育家
由于他们缺乏中央权威，公共区块链需要一种替代方法，以便用户就哪些交易有效达成一致。
Because of their lack of central authority, the public block chain needs an alternative approach so that users can effectively agree on which transactions.
关于智能合约的哪些陈述是正确的？?选择您认为正确的所有答案。
What is the correct statement about a smart contract? ? Choose all the answers you think are right.
它们是可以存储在区块链中的代码片段。
These are segments of code that can be stored in the block chain.
他们可以解决代码中的含糊之处。
They can solve ambiguities in the code.
他们总是比合法的纸质合同更安全。
They are always safer than legitimate paper contracts.
当一个或多个条件匹配时，它们会自行执行。
will be self-executed when one or more conditions match.
他们使用IF / THEN的前提。
they use the IF/THEN premise.
它们可以应用于各种各样的部门和用例。
They can be applied in a variety of sectors and examples.
?Oriol Pujoldevall?首席教育家
智能合约是指在匹配一组预定义条件时具有自行执行能力的软件。他们的应用程序列表几乎是无穷无尽的，并且他们执行结果的记录在区块链中存储和保护。
Smart contracts are software that is self-executing when matching a set of predefined conditions. Their application lists are almost endless, and their results are recorded and protected in the block chain.
什么是以太坊？
What's a talisman?
数字货币，如比特币。
Digital currency such as bitcoin.
为进行ICO而创建的平台。
Platform created to carry out ICO.
基于区块链的平台意味着分配分散的应用程序。
比特币运行的操作系统。
Bitcoin runs the operating system.
?Oriol Pujoldevall?首席教育家
以太坊是一个基于区块链技术的开放式软件平台，使开发人员能够构建和部署分散的应用程序。它不应该与某些应用程序混淆，比如比特币。
Ether is an open software platform based on block chain technology that allows developers to build and deploy decentralized applications. It should not be confused with certain applications, such as Bitcoin.
有关ICO的说法是什么？
What's the story about the ICO?
客户比传统方法更受保护。
Clients are more protected than traditional methods.
它们已成为区块链初创公司筹集资金最常用的方法。
has become the most common method of raising funds for start-up firms in block chains.
在最初的峰值之后，ICO的数量随着时间的推移而减少。
After the initial peak, the number of ICOs decreased over time.
令牌买家成为公司的股东。
A medal buyer becomes a shareholder in the company.
?Oriol Pujoldevall?首席教育家
ICO是一种融资机制，在区块链初创公司中越来越受欢迎。他们不要与IPOS混淆，因为ICO买家将获得代币以换取他们的钱。
ICO is a financing mechanism that is increasingly popular among start-ups in block chains. They should not be confused with IPOs, because ICO buyers will get a token in exchange for their money.
应用程序匹配哪些条件才能被视为分散？?选择您认为正确的所有答案。
What conditions do applications match to be considered dispersed? ? Select all the answers you think are correct.
它必须是开源的。
It must be open-sourced.
所有数据和协议都需要存储在一台计算机中。
All data and protocols need to be stored in a computer.
当某些条件匹配时，会自动生成新标记。
generates new tags automatically when certain conditions match.
在执行变更之前必须达成共识。
Consensus must be reached before implementing the change.
?Oriol Pujoldevall?首席教育家
分散式应用程序的代码是公开的，因此每个人都可以查看它们所基于的软件。他们缺乏中央权限，用户需要拥有某个令牌或硬币才能授予他们访问应用程序的权限。
The code for decentralized applications is open, so everyone can view the software on which they are based. They lack central access, and users need a token or coin to give them access to the application.
在之前的视频中，我们看到区块链有许多不同的应用，从能源部门到经济交易。
In the previous video, we saw many different applications of the block chain, from the energy sector to economic transactions.
基于此声明，我们要求您考虑可能从早期区块链实施中受益最多的部门。
On the basis of this statement, we request that you consider the sector that may benefit most from early block chain implementation .
地板是你的！在评论区分享你的观点。
The floor is yours! shares your views in the comment area.
?EIT InnoEnergy
公共区块链：公共区块链是世界上任何人都可以阅读的区块链，世界上任何人都可以发送交易，并且如果它们有效，则期望看到它们被包括在内，并且世界上任何人都可以参与共识过程。这些区块链通常被认为是“完全分散的”。
Public Block Chain: The Public Block Chain is a chain of blocks that can be read by anyone in the world, that can be traded by anyone in the world, and that, if they are effective, is expected to be included, and that anyone in the world can participate in the consensus process. These blocks are usually considered to be “totally dispersed”. 加密货币：加密货币是一种数字资产，旨在作为交换媒介，使用加密技术保护其交易，控制其他单位的创建，以及验证资产的转移。
Encrypted Currency: Encrypted Currency is a digital asset designed to act as a clearing house, protect its transactions using encryption technology, control the creation of other units and verify the transfer of assets.
联盟区块链：联盟区块链是一种区块链，其中共识过程由预先选定的一组节点控制。阅读区块链的权利可能是公开的，或仅限于参与者。这些区块链可以被认为是“部分分散的”。
The right to read the block chain may be open or limited to the participants. These block chains may be considered to be “partially dispersed”.
私有区块链：完全私有的区块链是一种区块链，其中写入权限可以集中保存给单个组织。阅读权限可以是公开的，也可以限制在任意范围内。
Private Block Chain: A fully privately owned block chain is a block chain in which writing rights can be centrally preserved to individual organizations. Read permissions may be open or restricted to any extent.
智能合约：智能合约是一种旨在促进，验证或执行合同谈判或履行的计算机协议。它是具有满足一个或多个条件时自动执行能力的软件。
Smart contracts : Smart contracts are computer protocols designed to facilitate the validation or execution of contract negotiations or performances.
以太坊：以太坊是一个开源，公共，基于区块链的分布式计算平台，具有智能合约功能。它提供了一个分散的虚拟机，即以太坊虚拟机（EVM），它可以使用国际公共节点网络执行脚本。
Ether is an open source, a public, block-based distributed computing platform with smart contract functions. It provides a decentralized virtual machine, the Ethercom Virtual Machine (EVM), which can execute scripts using an international network of public nodes.
ICO：它代表初始硬币发售。这是通过使用加密货币进行众筹的一种不受管制的手段，加密货币可以成为初创公司的资金来源。
ICO: It represents the initial coin for sale. It is an unregulated means of crowd-sourcing through the use of encrypted currency, which can be a source of funding for start-up companies.
DAO：是一个运行规则编码为智能合约的计算机程序的组织。DAO的金融交易记录和计划规则保留在区块链上。
DAO: an organization that runs rules coded as a computer program for smart contracts.
?EIT InnoEnergy
在本视频中，您将了解区块链所面临的技术挑战的一般视角，以及区块链实施的某些领域的主要问题。
In this video, will understand the general perspective of the technical challenges to the block chain, as well as the main problems in some areas of block chain implementation.
我们将讨论一些人指出的关于区块链的缺点，以及在未来几年内解决这些问题的可能性。
We will discuss the shortcomings of the block chain, as some have pointed out, and the possibility of addressing them in the coming years.
UPC副教授Andreas Samper的一课
by Associate Professor Andreas Samper,
在评论区分享你的观点！
Share your views in the comment area!
?EIT InnoEnergy
0:13?跳到0分13秒直到现在，我们已经听说过区块链的应用和技术。在本讲座中，我们将指出该技术将面临的缺点和未来挑战。让我们从分散属性开始吧。这是最大的优势之一，但到目前为止，这也是一个限制因素。权力下放是对等网络中固有的，但它要求实际的计算机网络不断地交换信息并以高速运行复杂的算法。这种架构在小型环境中运行良好，几乎没有交易。将此技术扩展到可以像VISA一样管理每秒数千个事务的系统是一项真正的挑战。
0:13? Jumping to 0:13 seconds until now, we have heard of the applications and technologies of block chains. In this lecture, we will point out the shortcomings and future challenges that the technology will face. Let us start with the decentralized attributes. This is one of the greatest advantages, but so far it is a constraint. Decentralization is inherent in the equator network, but it requires that the actual computer network keep exchanging information and operating complex algorithms at high speeds.
1:09?跳到1分9秒目前，比特币网络正在以几分钟到几个小时的速度确认阻塞，每秒的交易量很少。在具有更高要求的行业中实施区块链解决方案需要扩大容量。我们在课程中已经看到的另一个挑战是Poof of Work算法所需的计算能力。这个问题将通过实施股权证明来解决。但是，我们可以强调两种解决方案之间的过渡是区块链发展的一个重要里程碑。关于区块链解决方案的安全性和隐私性，仍有很大的改进余地。正如我们在之前的课程中学到的，所有用户都拥有公钥和私钥。
1:09? Jump to 1:9 seconds now, the Bitcoin network is confirming blockages at speeds of minutes to hours, with very few transactions per second. Implementation of block-chain solutions in industries with higher requirements requires increased capacity. Another challenge we have seen in the course is the computing capacity required by the Poof of Work algorithms. This will be addressed through the implementation of equity certificates. But we can stress that the transition between the two solutions is an important milestone in the development of block chains.
2:05?跳到2分5秒为简化起见，我们可以将公钥理解为某种银行帐号，私钥作为该帐户的密码。如果两者都丢失或公之于众，账户及其中的资金就会变得非常脆弱。因此，有必要提出更好的解决方案，以安全地存储帐户数据并保护它。另一个需要考虑的因素是系统不是匿名的。鉴于所有交易都在分类账上公布，任何人都可以跟踪某个账户的交易，即使它没有与正式身份相关联。
2-05? Jump to 2 minutes and 5 seconds, for the sake of simplicity, we can interpret the public key as a bank account number, and the private key as the password to the account. If both are lost or made public, the account and the funds in it become very vulnerable. So it is necessary to come up with a better solution to securely store account data and protect it. Another factor to consider is that the system is not anonymous. Given that all transactions are disclosed in the ledger, anyone can track the transaction of an account, even if it is not linked to an official identity.
2:52?跳至2分52秒该帐户是假名，这意味着如果他们不知道公钥背后的身份，则没有人可以直接找出谁是帐户的所有者。但是，某些交易模式可能会发现所有者的身份。这对于我们经常或每天消费的产品尤为重要。想象一下能源交易的情景，两个用户卖出他们的能量。其中一个家庭的装机容量是其家庭的三倍，我们可以观察到，在分类账中，有一个账户交易的能量要高得多。很容易弄清楚这个公钥属于产生更多能量的用户。
252? Jumping to 2 minutes and 52 seconds of the account is a pseudonym, which means that no one can directly identify the owner of the account if they do not know the identity behind the key. However, some trading patterns may reveal the identity of the owner. This is particularly important for products that we consume on a regular or daily basis. Imagine a trade in energy, where two users sell their energy. One household has three times the capacity of its family, and one can observe that the energy of an account transaction is much higher in the ledger. It is easy to figure out that the key belongs to a user that produces more energy.
3:50?跳至3分50秒此外，为了在多部门层面广泛使用区块链技术，现有的计算系统需要逐步改变。这意味着战略和投资的显着变化，这需要从长远的角度来看行业的参与。在这种系统的用户和操作者方面，文化转变是必要的。最后，引发区块链技术大规模采用的重要里程碑之一是监管的存在，这个话题已经变得非常有争议。必须采取强有力和明确的监管措施，以避免引发市场失灵，并确保为消费者提供最低标准的产品质量。到目前为止，监管机构对区块链技术持观望态度。
A cultural shift is necessary in terms of users and operators of such systems. Finally, one of the important milestones leading to the large-scale adoption of block chain technologies is the existence of regulation, a topic that has become highly controversial. Strong and clear regulatory measures are needed to avoid market failures and to ensure minimum product quality for consumers.
5:01?跳到5分1秒由于这项技术的发展非常迅速，很难划定规则生效的情况。问题的产生速度高于答案。最重要的是，在监管机构建立法律框架之前，他们必须更好地了解技术及其影响。我将举两个例子，说明国际证券委员会组织（IOSCO）对监管的复杂性。
Five:01? Jump to five minutes, one second, because of the rapid development of this technology, it is very difficult to demarcate the circumstances in which the rules come into force. The question arises faster than the answer. Most importantly, before regulators establish a legal framework, they must be better informed about technology and its implications. I will give two examples of the complexity of regulation by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO).
5:40?略过5分40秒他们在一份关于分布式分类账技术的报告中表示，?“金融技术监管机构可能需要开发”高度自动化的“监控?和聘请技术专家，如果他们想密切监控区块链带来的风险......”。此外，该报告指出?“因此，金融科技的全球性质带来了监管机构?应通过国际合作和信息交流解决的挑战”。这意味着全球监管是为区块链应用创建框架的必要条件。全球技术的全球监管。
5:40? A little over five minutes and 40 seconds later, in a report on distributed ledger technology, they said that “financial technology regulators may need to develop” highly automated “surveillance?” and engage technical experts if they want to closely monitor the risks associated with block chains...” Moreover, the report states that “the global nature of financial science and technology therefore poses a challenge for regulators? The challenge should be addressed through international cooperation and information exchange.” This means that global regulation is necessary to create a framework for the application of block chains. Global regulation of global technology.
区块链技术为企业带来了广泛的价值主张。
观看此视频，了解区块链技术对哪些行业的影响最大，以及为什么任何行业都不应忽视此技术。
This video shows which industries are most affected by block chain technology and why it should not be overlooked by any industry.
来自ESMT高级讲师Christoph Burger的一课
A lesson by Christoph Burger, Senior Lecturer, ESMT
?EIT InnoEnergy
跳至0分12秒本次会议旨在查看Blockchain的应用程序方面的业务。区块链技术如何帮助我们开展业务？Blockchain有哪些机会？在寻找应用领域时，我如何看待区块链？我们 - 柏林ESMT和德国能源机构Dena想知道区块链是否会在能源领域发挥重要作用，如果是的话，市场参与者正在考虑什么样的应用。我们开展了一项研究，向德国能源高管询问了这些主题。让我们尝试利用我们获得的洞察力来对不同行业的应用领域进行分类。
1:00?跳至1分0秒在我们的研究中，受访者提出了107个用例的想法。在分析它们时，我们可以识别两种类型的应用程序?第一种类型，有五十五个用例，与进程有关。
One minute? In our study, the respondents put forward 107 examples. In analysing them, we can identify two types of applications. The first type, there are fifty-five, which are process-related.
1:19?跳到1分19秒因此，我们可以问自己的一个简单问题是：区块链技术可以帮助我们降低工艺成本吗？让我举三个这种类型的例子。Abra正在提供基于区块链解决方案的汇款付款。因此，在将资金从欧洲转移到印度时，您无需向发送资金的银行支付费用，也无需向接收资金的银行支付费用。使用区块链解决方案，您可以完全绕过这些成本。Abra宣传其服务的价格为2％，而传统优惠则根据Abra收取7％的费用。此外，该过程是数字的而不是纸质的，持续一小时而不是一周。Abra还提供对冲以避免货币风险。
1:19? Jump to 1:19, so we can ask ourselves a simple question: Does block chain technology help us reduce the cost of the process? Let me give three examples of this type. Abra is providing remittance payments based on block chain solutions. So, when transferring funds from Europe to India, you do not have to pay the bank that sent the funds, or the bank that received the funds. Using block chain solutions, you can bypass these costs completely. Abra promotes a 2% price for its services, while traditional preferences charge 7% based on Abra. Moreover, the process is digital, not paper, and lasts one hour instead of a week. Abra also provides hedges to avoid currency risk.
2:13?跳到2分13秒银行作为Abra的竞争对手，不想将这些市场留给新的竞争对手。Santander，UBS，UniCredit等许多银行已加入Ripple，能够提供基于Blockchain的加密货币Ripple的全球金融结算解决方案。根据Ripple的说法，流程成本降低范围从财务的23％，对账的60％到支付处理的81％。第三个例子是Bankymoon，它通过基于区块链的应用程序提供基于比特币的智能电表预付款给南非的幼儿园。
2.13? As a competitor of Abra, banks do not want to leave these markets to new competitors. Many banks, such as Santander, UBS, UniCredit, have joined Ripple, which can provide a global financial settlement solution based on Blockchain’s encrypted currency, Ripple. According to Ripple, process costs are reduced from 23% in finance, 60% in reconciliation, to 81% in payment processing.
2:59?跳到2分59秒第二种类型的应用程序，有57个用例，与网络有关。
2-59? Jump to 2 minutes 59 seconds for the second type of application, with 57 examples related to the network.
3:06?跳到3分6秒我们可以问的问题是：我们如何使用区块链技术为服务创建网络/平台？
3:06? The question we can ask in 3 minutes and 6 seconds is: How do we use block chain technology to create networks/platforms for services?
3:17?跳至3分17秒在ESMT柏林，我们举办了区块链商业模式的启动比赛。
3:17? To 3 minutes and 17 seconds in ESMT Berlin, we organized the launch of the block chain business model.
3:22?跳至3分22秒该奖项的获胜者是Arcade City提出的问题：如果车手和司机可以自由连接点对点而没有中间人怎么办？这个商业应用程序给优步带来压力，优步的公司估值约为700亿美元，而且 - 可以说 - 提供了对驾驶员和骑手产生的价值的再分配。当然，努力的成功取决于骑手和司机有足够的动力加入网络。但至少在原则上，互联网信息聚合器的这种替代方案已经存在。
3:22? The winner of the award in 3 minutes and 22 seconds was Arcade City: what if drivers and drivers were free to connect to each other without intermediaries? This commercial application puts pressure on the valor, with a company valued at about $70 billion, and - it can be said – provides a redistribution of the value generated by drivers and riders.
4:06?跳至4分6秒在能源市场，落基山研究所和Grid Singularity的能源网络基金会旨在为基于区块链的能源服务建立一个平台。通过智能网关连接发电资产和能源消费者时，您可以创建一个可以像应用程序一样预订服务的平台。一项服务可能是尽职调查，根据区块链记录数据的透明度，可以节省审计费用。此外，人们可以设想ICO为再生资产再融资，使投资者能够获得有关资产利用的实时信息。其他服务可能是P2P交易或平衡需求和供应。在这些平台中，区块链技术提供了拥有数据并释放部分数据的机会。
4:06? Jumping to 4 minutes and 6 seconds in the energy market, the Rocky Mountain Institute and the Gold Singularity Energy Network Foundation aim to create a platform for block-based energy services. When you connect power-generating assets to energy consumers through smart gateways, you can create a platform where you can book services like an application. A service may be due diligence, where transparency in recording data on block chains can save audit costs. In addition, one can imagine that ICO refinances renewable assets to enable investors to access real-time information about asset use.
5:05?跳到5分5秒因此，可以开发考虑提供信息激励的新商业模式。虽然平台更容易在一个允许更高势头的联盟中传播，但人们也可以将这些平台视为降低单个公司的小客户的服务成本的手段。
5:05? Jump to 5 minutes and 5 seconds, so new business models can be developed to consider providing incentives for information. While platforms can be more easily disseminated in a coalition that allows for greater momentum, they can also be seen as a means of reducing the cost of services to small clients in individual companies.
5:29?跳到5分29秒超过这两种类型，区块链应用程序还有一个额外的维度。我们可以将区块链视为展现工业4.0潜力的手段。区块链具有透明性和数据可追溯性，可以提供平台，包括智能合约的人工智能，优化实物资产的价值。无人机可以独立地接受最好的命令，自行决定何时进行维修，并在其生命结束时飞到回收地点。
5:29? Jump to 5 minutes and 29 seconds to exceed both types, with an additional dimension for block chain applications. We can see block chains as a means of demonstrating industry’s potential of 4.0. Block chains are transparent and data-retroactivity, providing platforms, including artificial intelligence in smart contracts, to optimize the value of physical assets.
6:08?跳到6分8秒我们可以问的问题是：如何通过大数据的使用将区块链，人工智能结合起来，从资产中获得更多价值？
6:08? The question we can ask in 6 minutes and 8 seconds is: How can a block chain be combined with artificial intelligence through the use of big data to gain more value from assets?
6:22?跳到6分22秒Blockchain会影响哪些扇区？可以从上述方面受益最多的部门。通过使用通用数据库，以及避免整个公司，行业中的冗余管理任务，降低流程成本变得更加容易。
6:22? Jumping to 6 minutes and 22 seconds to Blockchain affects which sectors? The sectors that can benefit most from the above.
6:45?跳到6分45秒平台提供更多价值，更多实体连接更多，以客户为中心的应用程序也越多。工业4.0，区块链，人工智能与大数据相结合的潜力可以帮助降低风险并定制例如保险或维护合同。
6:45? Jumping to 6 minutes and 45 seconds provides more value, more physical connections, and more customer-centred applications. Industry 4.0, block chains, the potential for combining artificial intelligence with big data can help reduce risks and customize, for example, insurance or maintenance contracts.
7:11?跳到7分11秒在讨论区块链应用的传播速度时，三个主要障碍进入了画面。首先，可以假设在不久的将来解决的解决方案的可扩展性和安全性，因为许多参与者正在努力解决这个问题。其次，更重要的是，参与者对区块链解决方案的测试和扩展的适应性，因为这可能会抵消当前的员工，产品和服务。
7:11? Jumping to 7 minutes and 11 seconds to discuss the speed of dissemination of block chain applications, three major barriers enter the picture. First, it is possible to assume the scalability and security of solutions that will be resolved in the near future, as many participants are working to address the problem. Second, and more importantly, the adaptability of participants to the testing and expansion of block chain solutions, which may offset current employees, products and services.
7:42?跳到7分42秒三，社会的质量标准。由于公共公证和银行服务在发达国家运作良好，发展中国家此类服务的缺乏或质量低，增加了测试和建立区块链应用的意愿。在未来，区块链应用程序将获得突出地位，对整个管理委员会（不仅是财务和IT职能）来说，了解其潜在利益将非常重要。
The lack or low quality of public notaries and banking services in developed countries increases the willingness to test and build block-chain applications. In the future, block-chain applications will gain prominence, and it will be important for the entire Governing Council (not only for financial and IT functions) to understand their potential benefits.
了解有关以太坊的更多信息
finds out more about Ethio.
Ethereum的联合创始人Vitalik Buterin在2013年底的白皮书中描述了这个开源的，公共的，基于区块链的平台。
Vitalik Buterin, a co-founder of Etheum, described this open-source, public and block-based platform in a white paper at the end of 2013.
到目前为止，我们已经了解了区块链技术在未来几年可能面临的挑战。
So far, we have learned about the challenges that block chain technology may face in the coming years.
这些挑战包括各种各样的主题：一些与技术相关，另一些与商业模式相关，而关键的一个是监管。
These challenges include a wide range of themes: some are technology-related, others are business model-related, and one key is regulation.
在本次讨论中，我们将重点关注后者，并且我们询问您对区块链应用程序的标准化规则有多接近您的看法和观点？您是否认为目前缺乏监管是长期可持续的？
In this discussion, we will focus on the latter, and we ask how close you are to the standardized rules for block chain applications. Do you think that the current lack of regulation is sustainable in the long term?
地板是你的！
The floor is yours!
?EIT InnoEnergy
以下是您必须从本周开始的主要想法：
The following is the main idea that you must start this week:
甲blockchain可呈现下放不同级别的，这取决于它的主要目标和价值主张。这种灵活性使区块链成为公司和实体非常有吸引力的选择。
This flexibility makes block chains a very attractive option for companies and entities.
智能合约利用区块链技术建立新的范例，不再需要合作伙伴之间的相互信任。这些合同基于代码行，软件具有不可变且始终可追踪的记录。由于这一点，合作伙伴可以保证合同将得到尊重。为了统一所有智能合约创建标准，以太坊作为一个平台出现，以回应这种必要性。以太坊允许第三方开发自己的分散应用程序并在平台上运行它。分散的应用程序提供了不可想象的潜力，只要有新公司完全通过软件运营。
目前仍然存在可扩展性，识别和隐私问题，严格地在技术方面，但随着时间的推移将消失。
There are still issues of scalability, identification and privacy in
分享你的意见！
Share your opinion!
?EIT InnoEnergy
这意味着您正准备获得数字和印刷证书。证书非常适合向雇主证明您的学习，或仅作为您的成就记录。
This means that you are preparing to obtain a digital and printed certificate.
您只有通过升级课程才能获得证书，您可以随时进行，包括现在。
You can obtain a certificate only by upgrading the course, and you can do it at any time, including now.
翻译原创作品，翻译来自FutureLearn慕课官网，仅供学习使用，转载请注明来源，请勿要用于商业用途。
translates original works from the FureLearner Network for study purposes only, reprints please indicate the source and do not use them for commercial purposes.
翻译来源：https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/blockchain-energy-sector
Translator: https://www.futureearn.com/courses/blockchain-energy-secretor
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