通过区块链，在物品流通的全链路的每个节点上都会有信息、数据被记录存储下来，且这些信息、数据不可篡改，可被完整追溯，并被打上时间戳。这就自然衍生出了区块链在供应链管理领域的另一个重要用途——防伪溯源。
Through the block chain, information is stored and data is recorded at every node of the entire chain in which the goods flow, and such information, data cannot be tampered with, can be traced in a complete and time-stamped manner. This naturally results in another important use of the block chain in the area of supply chain management — anti-prescriptive traceability.
目前，区块链防伪溯源方面的应用，已经在药品、艺术品、收藏品、奢侈品等领域被广泛尝试，毕竟区块链尝试成本很高，技术开发难度较大，因此还是资金实力雄厚的玩家入局最早，并且事实上区块链在此领域的应用还更多还停留在概念实验之上。
At present, the application of block chains against fraudulent traceability has been widely tried in the fields of pharmaceuticals, art, collectors, luxury goods. After all, block chains are costly, technological development is more difficult,
同时，单纯利用区块链技术并无法独立实现防伪溯源，而必须叠加物联网、人工智能等技术，必须保证商品在线下流通过程中的任何异动都能被检测到，再谈防伪溯源才有意义。
At the same time, the simple use of block chain technology does not allow for independent anti-pseudo-retroactivity, but rather technologies such as the superstition network, artificial intelligence, etc., must ensure that any movement in the flow of goods on-line is detected and discussed in the context of anti-pseudo-retroactivity is meaningful.
那么，区块链在防伪溯源领域应用的现状究竟是怎样的呢？
So what is the current status of the use of the block chain in the area of protection against perjury?
应用现状
目前国内已经出现了一批用区块链进行溯源的农产品尝试，则更偏重于将区块链当做营销噱头——区块链技术在此处的实现难度不高，但溯源的必要性和意义却不大。
There has been a domestic attempt to use the block chain for retroactive agricultural products, with a greater emphasis on the use of the block chain as a marketing tool where the technology of the block chain is less difficult to achieve, but less necessary and meaningful.
在零售领域，从2017年初开始，沃尔玛与IBM开始合作利用区块链跟踪和验证食品从原产地到商店出售的溯源方案，在其上叠加人工智能和物联网技术，并于近期完成了两个基于区块链的概念验证。
In the area of retailing, since the beginning of 2017, Wal-Mart and IBM have been collaborating on the use of block chains to track and verify the traceability of food sales from origin to shops, superimposed with artificial intelligence and object networking techniques, and recently completed two conceptual validations based on block chains.
这两项概念验证的目的在于对其终端出售的食品进行安全性溯源，并将供应链优化。
The purpose of these two conceptual validations is to provide a safe traceability of the food they end up selling and to optimize the supply chain.
沃尔玛除了利用区块链来跟踪其进出口的所有食品产品的出货、原产地情况和生产日期的信息，还能保证从沃尔玛的产品列表中识别、移除被召回的食品。
Wal-Mart, in addition to using the block chain to track the arrival, origin and date of production of all food products it imports and exports, ensures the identification and removal of recalled foods from the Wal-Mart product list.
沃尔玛进行的其中一个实验是用区块链技术对中国产猪肉的溯源和对其在美国的仓储、运输的跟踪。通过使用区块链技术、人工智能和物联网，食品整个的来源路线被记录了下来，这意味着进入沃尔玛的猪肉还可以从各个沃尔玛专卖店返回农场。在商超中，消费者可以用一个简单的二维码扫描猪肉，就能从该动物饲养的相应农场提取数字化的真实生产和兽医记录。
One of the experiments carried out by Wal-Mart is to trace Chinese pork production and track its storage and transport in the United States using block chain technology. By using block-chain technology, artificial intelligence, and a network of objects, the entire food route is recorded, which means that pork entering Wal-Mart can also be returned from various Wal-Mart stores.
沃尔玛通过实验测算，采用区块链能将传统方法的食品溯源从需要花费7天，提升到只需要2.2秒。
Wal-Mart, by experimental calculations, uses block chains to trace food from traditional methods from seven days to 2.2 seconds.
在区块链领域下了重注的IBM，则看到了区块链无法在线下追踪商品流通的问题。为此，IBM研发了世界上最小的计算机。据称，这款计算机只有一毫米乘一毫米，甚至比盐粒还小，其计算能力相当于90年代的X86水平，成本却只有10美分左右。
The IBM, which is heavily marked in the area of block chains, sees the problem of block chains not tracking merchandise flows online. To this end, IBM has developed the smallest computer in the world. It is said that this computer, which is only one millimeter by one millimeter, is even smaller than salt particles, has a calculator capacity equivalent to X86 levels in the 1990s, at a cost of about 10 cents.
“试想一下，在一系列的产品和零部件中，把最小的计算机嵌入进去，可以通过最小的计算机的计算能力做区块链的数字签名、信息加密。通过这样最小的计算机跟区块链的结合，我们可以把整个的产品和零部件从数据的产生、数据的存储、数据的交换的过程很好的追踪起来。” IBM中国研究院副院长董进表示。
& nbsp; “Think that, in a series of products and parts, the smallest computer is embedded, and digital signatures and information encryption of block chains can be done through the smallest computer computing capability. By combining the smallest computer with the block chain, we can track the entire product and component from the process of data generation, data storage, data exchange.” IBM Vice-President of the Chinese Academy of Research, Dong Quantified.
董进预测，用不了太久，区块链加上最小的计算机，一硬一软的结合将会带来物流供应链领域中的一系列创新，如食品安全的创新、可信产品的创新。
The combination of block chains with the smallest computer will lead to a series of innovations in the field of logistics supply chains, such as innovations in food security and innovations in credible products.
我们再将目光移回国内两大电商巨头身上，阿里、京东两大电商平台对区块链技术的应用与争夺，也主要聚焦在防伪溯源之上，并且是与跨境贸易结合的防伪溯源之上。
We turn our eyes back to the two major domestic power suppliers, Ali and Kyundong, whose power platforms have applied and competed for block-chain technology, also focused primarily on anti-prostitution, and on anti-prostitution in combination with cross-border trade.
的确，在此领域，痛点突出且明显，假冒伪劣的进口商品屡禁不止，同时，跨境贸易/电商还面临现实瓶颈——跨境电商、海淘突然崛起，各海关进关货物陡然增加，而海关配备人手不足又有大量环节需要手工处理，导致大量通关货物积压，处理速度非常缓慢，这也限制了整个跨境物流的运转效率。
Indeed, this is an area in which the pain is striking and obvious, where counterfeit imports have been banned, and where cross-border traders/electrics face real bottlenecks — the sudden rise of cross-border power suppliers, sealifts, and a sharp increase in the number of customs cargoes, while the shortage of customs staff and the large number of connections that require manual processing have resulted in a large backlog of customs cargoes and very slow processing, which has also limited the efficiency of the entire cross-border logistics operation.
不仅如此，据调查，有不少海关人员与亲戚勾结，借助海关之便，进行走私，一旦区块链得以运用，以非人工、不可篡改的特性来运行，让走私变得更加困难。
Moreover, it has been investigated that smuggling by customs officers, in collaboration with their relatives, is made more difficult by the fact that, once the block chain is operational, it operates with non-manual and non-manual features.
因此，与跨境贸易结合的区块链防伪溯源，很重要的是要让海关上链，参与到区块链建设当中。一旦跨境贸易参与各方都能上链，区块链可以真正运用到防伪溯源全链路之中，整个跨境物流的运转效率、防伪溯源的安全性，都会得到极大的提升。
As a result, it is important to ensure that the block chain, which is linked to cross-border trade, is connected to the construction of the block chain. Once cross-border trade is made possible for all parties involved, the chain can be truly applied to the entire chain, and the efficiency and security of cross-border logistics as a whole will be greatly enhanced.
而这个需要商业、政府组织各方都参与进来、上链工作的任务，也只有阿里和京东这类巨头，才能有相应的推动力去实现。
This task, which requires the involvement of all parties involved in business and government organizations, can only be achieved with the corresponding impetus of giants such as Ali and Kyundong.
阿里、京东的相关尝试
目前无论阿里、京东，其以区块链方式进行溯源防伪的方式均为：基于区块链的系统记录下有关进口货物的所有相关信息，包括生产、运输方法、海关、检验和第三方核查等细节（如，原产国、启运国、装货港、运输方式、进口口岸、保税仓检验检疫单号、海关申报单号等等）。消费者可进入手机淘宝或京东的物流详情页面，通过底端的“查看商品物流溯源信息”按钮进入商品溯源页面，即可查看购买商品的全部溯源信息，确保商品来源真实可靠。
At present, whether Ali or Kyundong, the system records all relevant information on imported goods, including production, transport methods, customs, inspection and third-party verification, as detailed in the block chain-based system (
因假货、走私货屡禁不止的缘故，在国内，阿里、京东等电商平台早就对商品溯源有所尝试，然而进展不大。这是由于平台间天然的利益、诉求冲突所致。
Domestically, as a result of counterfeiting and smuggling, there have been long attempts at commodity traceability by power platforms like Ali and Kyundong, but little progress has been made. This is due to natural interests and competing claims among platforms.
比如，阿里巴巴早在2014年就尝试过推行一套用于利用二维码来进行防伪溯源的满天星系统，一度覆盖几十亿商品，品类涵盖快销品、美妆、酒类、农产品等多个品种，其中包括剑南春、恒大冰泉、联合利华等数百个品牌。
As early as 2014, for example, Ali Baba tried to implement a two-dimensional system of planetary systems designed to protect against perjury, covering billions of commodities, including fast-selling, make-up, alcohol, and agricultural products, including hundreds of brands such as Seng Nam Spring, Heng Big Ice Spring and Unilever.
然而这种中心化、以阿里为主导的方式，却在实际推进过程中遭遇了现实的阻碍：对生产商、品牌主而言，其商品走全渠道，而并非只通过天猫出售，如果能够扫码溯源的只有天猫渠道的货源，而其他如京东渠道的货源却无法溯源，其他平台就会产生异议，陷供应商与被动。结果，供应商选择只跟天猫合作一次，贴一批货，之后就作罢了，这反而成了当时这些供应商为自家商品在天猫页面上争取营销位置的一种手段。
However, this centralization, led by Ali, has faced real obstacles in moving forward: for producers and brand owners, their commodities have gone through a full range of channels, not just through Skycats, and other platforms, such as those in Kyoto, have been disputing, pitting suppliers and passive. As a result, suppliers have chosen to work with Skycats only once to put up a batch of goods, which has become a means of obtaining marketing positions for their own commodities on the Skycat page at the time.
从“满天星”的失利来看，商品溯源的现实问题就是：中心化、一家有利益掺杂在其中的平台来牵头的方式，无法让相关各方都能有动力参与到溯源的整个过程中之去。但这个问题，在目前区块链应用仍属早期的情况下，也并没有得到彻底的解决。
In terms of the failure of the Star of Heaven, the reality of commodity traceability is that
真正的区块链应用其实在技术之外，更重要的是一套“共享、协同”、去中心化的协作机制，一套激励机制能够让链上各节点共同接受。这需要链上各方能够有创造性的去制定一套区块链式的、真正去中心的规则和系统，让信任自然发生。
A true block chain should be applied beyond technology, and more importantly, a “shared, coordinated” and decentralised collaborative mechanism, with incentives that allow the nodes on the chain to come together. This requires that the parties on the chain be creatively able to develop a chain of rules and systems that truly go to the centre, so that trust can happen naturally.
目前看来，即使区块链技术真正应用推广开来，国内电商平台间的冲突依然存在，而这其中谁能最快成为头号区块链溯源平台，就可能一家独大。
At present, it appears that, even if the true application of block chain technology is promoted, there are still conflicts between domestic electric power platforms, and it is likely that one of them would be unique if it were the fastest to become the first block chain traceability platform.
阿里巴巴本就在区块链方面积淀更深，2014年即入手研究。2018年2月，阿里巴巴麾下的菜鸟物流和天猫国际宣称，已经全面启用区块链技术跟踪、上传、查证跨境进口商品的物流整个链条上的信息，基于区块链的防篡改特性进行物流数据追踪。
Ali Bababen is now studying the block chain even further. In February 2018, Greenbird Logistics and Skycat International, under Alibaba, declared that it had been fully operational to track, upload, document information throughout the chain of logistics for cross-border imports, and to track logistics data based on the anti-poding properties of the block chain.
目前天猫国际的跨境商品溯源计划已经覆盖了深圳、广州、上海、杭州、天津、宁波、重庆、福州、郑州等保税口岸的菜鸟进口领域，有超过50个国家的30000种进口商品支持基于区块链技术的物流线路查询。而目前，区块链溯源平台接洽品牌商超过100家，溯源接入商品SKU数超过300个，接入商品数量为天猫的百分之一。
Today, Skycat International’s cross-border commodity traceability program covers the import of rookies at bonded ports such as Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Tianjin, Ningbo, Chongqing, Fu, and Zhengzhou. More than 30,000 imports from over 50 countries support block-chain-based logistics trails.
京东在2016年11月成立Y事业部，开始研究区块链技术以及应用场景的探索。2017年正式对外开放区块链防伪追溯技术平台，并参与组建了一系列的区块链合作联盟。2017年6月京东与农业部、国家质检总局、工信部等部门宣布成立“京东品质溯源防伪联盟”。2017年12月京东联合沃尔玛、IBM、清华大学成立首个安全食品区块链溯源联盟。今年2月，京东加入了全球区块链货运联盟（BiTA），与包括UPS、联邦快递等全球货运巨头公司在区块链领域展开合作。
In November 2016, Gyeongdong established the Y Department of Enterprise, which began research on block chain technology and the exploration of applications. In 2017, Gyeongdong formally launched the Technical Platform for Counterfeiting Retaliation of Block Chains and participated in the formation of a series of block chain cooperation alliances. In June 2017, the Gyeongdong Ministry of Agriculture, the National Quality Inspectorate, the Ministry of Industry and Communications, among others, announced the establishment of the “Kyoto Quality Anti-Psystem Alliance for Counterfeiting”. In December 2017, Gyeongdong U. Walma, IBM, and Qinghua University established the first Secure Food Zone Retrieval Alliance. In February, Gyeongdong joined the Global Block Chain Freight Alliance (
其他溯源应用案例
药物防伪溯源
区块链还可用于解决假药问题，根据国际刑警组织的数据，每年有100万人死于假药、违禁药，在流氓网站出售的药物约有50%为假货，而新兴市场上30%的药物产品为假货。
Block chains can also be used to address the problem of counterfeit medicines, which, according to INTERPOL data, account for 1 million deaths each year from counterfeit drugs, prohibited drugs, about 50 per cent of drugs sold on rogue websites and 30 per cent of drug products in emerging markets.
DHL和埃森哲正在推动一项基于区块链的序列号化（serialization）项目，目的是给制药行业赋予一套复杂而系统的追踪能力。药物序列号编码能够赋予每个封装好的药物一个独有的身份，这个号码对应记录着药物产品的源头、批号、过期时间。序列号化能够让每一盒药都能在线被实时追踪到，便于监测药物的生命周期所属阶段。
DHL and Essenstein are promoting a sequence numeration project based on block chains (Serialization) with the aim of giving the pharmaceutical industry a complex and systematic tracking capability. The drug serial number code gives a unique identity to each packaged drug that records the origin, lot number, expiry time of the drug product. Sequencial coding allows each drug box to be tracked online in real time to monitor the life cycle phase of the drug.
传统药物序列号化最大的痛点在于，如果药物被拆开重装，或者被打包入集装箱以便运输后再次被拆成一盒盒的售卖，追踪难度就太高了。
The greatest pain with the serialization of traditional drugs is that it is too difficult to trace if the drugs are removed or reloaded or packaged into containers to be transported again into a box.
为了应对这一传统痛点，DHL和埃森哲目前则建立了一套概念证明机制，以证明区块链技术在商品保真层面可以发挥出的作用。这套机制的目标在于证明药物产品被合法的生产并销售，最终通过物流安全的到达终端消费者之手。这套系统能发挥的最大价值，是让终端消费者能够自行确认药物的合法化和真伪，特别是能够让消费者掌握药物用量和服用方式。
In response to this traditional pain, DHL and Essenger now have a set of conceptual proof mechanisms in place to demonstrate the role that block chain technology can play at the commodity level. The objective of the mechanism is to prove that pharmaceutical products are legally produced and sold, and eventually reach the end consumer hand through logistics.
DHL和埃森哲建立起一套基于区块链的序列号化追踪原型，包含跨越6个地区的全球节点网络。这套原型系统里记录了药品从生产、出厂到进入药店货架，最终到消费者受众的每一个步骤。根据原型试验现实，区块链技术能够处理超过70亿个药品序列号，每秒完成1500次数据处理。
DHL and Essenstein set up a sequenced tracking prototype based on block chains, which includes a global network of nodes across six regions. The prototype system records every step of a drug, from production, out-of-plant to entering a pharmacy shelf, eventually to a consumer audience. In line with the prototype test reality, block chain technology can handle more than 7 billion drug serial numbers, with 1,500 data processing per second.
奢侈品溯源
Everledger是区块链应用领域里的一个比较经典的案例，用区块链来给钻石赋予数字身份，保证每个钻石的可溯源性，以达到价值确认的目的。
Everledger is a more classic case in the area of block chain application, where a block chain is used to assign digital identity to diamonds and to guarantee the traceability of each diamond for value recognition purposes.
在此，我们可以再次看到，区块链目前应用推进最快的领域，均是大宗或高价值的商品。
Here again, we can see that the most advanced areas in which the block chain is currently being applied are bulk or high-value commodities.
Everledger是一家区块链领域的创业公司，成立于2015年，总部位于伦敦，它将区块链与机器视觉、物联网、人工智能等技术结合起来，为珠宝、酒类、艺术品等奢侈品提供一站式的追踪及鉴定平台。目前团队40多人，在扩张之中。
Everledger is an entrepreneurial company in the area of block chains, founded in 2015 and based in London, which combines block chains with technology such as machine vision, object networking, artificial intelligence, and provides a one-stop tracking and identification platform for luxury items such as jewellery, alcohol, works of art.
Everledger架构在IBM基于开放云平台Bluemix的区块链网络之上。IBM的区块链解决方案能够用来阻止未经验证的访问以及来自内部的数字恶意篡改，以满足钻石产业苛刻的安全要求。
The IBM block chain solution can be used to prevent unverified access and malicious digital manipulation from within to meet the stringent security requirements of the diamond industry.
Everledger的技术核心一半基于区块链技术，另外一半则是基于瑞士的一种宝石指纹技术，这种技术通过一款光学仪器，把各类宝石的纹路记录转化成具有唯一性的字符串，一旦宝石发生细微变化，比如裂痕，其字符串本身也将被改变。
Half of the technical core of
以钻石为例，Everledger利用软件采集成品钻石上40个点的数据，生成一个钻石“数字指纹”，将这些信息上链，保证所有钻石都有真实流通记录、来源信息。
In the case of diamonds, Everledger uses software to collect data on 40 points in the finished diamonds and to generate a “digital fingerprint” of `strung' diamonds
此外，Everledger的技术解决了钻石行业传统用纸质证书保管会产生的问题。比如，纸质证书难以保管、存放，容易被伪造，一个证书要经过多个经手人，利用纸质文件诸多不便。
Moreover, the technology of
目前，已有200多万颗钻石在Everledger的区块链平台上通过认证，被其记录在案。
More than 2 million diamonds have now been certified and recorded on the Everledger block chain platform.
2018年3月末，Everledger宣布完成A轮融资，募集1040万美元。由来自加拿大的GMP Securitites和Fidelity Investments领投， Vickers Ventures Partners、 Graphene Venture Capital及老股东FPV、分布式资本、Bloomberg Beta和乐天集团跟投。
In late March 2018, Everledger announced the completion of the A round of financing, raising $10.4 million. The investment was led by GMP Securities and Field Investments from Canada, & nbsp; Vickers Ventures Partners, & nbsp; Graphene Venture Capital and its old shareholders, FPV, distributed capital, Bloomberg Beta, and Leisure.
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论