原创 PANews PANews
Original PANews PANews
?The Block对46家加密货币交易所充值所需的区块确认数进行了分析
♪ The Block analyzed the block confirmations needed to charge 46 encrypted currency exchanges ♪
?主要针对九种资产：BTC、ETH、BCH、BSV、LTC、XMR、DASH、ETC以及ZEC
? Mainly for nine assets: BTC, ETH, BCH, BSV, LTC, XMR, DASH, ETC and ZEC
原文链接：https://www.theblockcrypto.com/genesis/59045/ltc
Link to original language: https://www.theblockcrypto.com/genesis/59045/ltc
本文系The Block付费内容，PANews作为其中国授权方翻译并发布，添加小湃（ID：panews8）获取The Block订阅和发文优惠
This is The Block Payment, translated and published by PANews as its China Authorisation, with the addition of an ID:panews8 to obtain the Block subscription and distribution preferences.
本文将分析46家交易所的9种基于工作量证明（PoW）的主流加密货币。我们从三个维度检测了交易所的确认时间，分别是：区块、分钟以及美元价值。
This paper will analyse nine major encrypted currencies based on workload certification (PoW) for 46 exchanges. We have tested the confirmation times of the exchange from three dimensions: blocks, minutes, and the value of the United States dollar.
加密货币交易所是黑客的主要目标，庞大的加密货币价值流动能够满足他们发起双花攻击并从中获利的企图。就在最近，有些交易所就因为比特币黄金（Bitcoin Gold）遭到的攻击而受到影响。
Encrypted currency exchanges are the main targets of hackers, and the massive flow of encrypted monetary values can satisfy their attempts to launch and profit from double flower attacks. In the recent past, some exchanges have been affected by attacks on Bitcoin Gold.
虽然交易所无法阻止51%算力攻击（双花攻击），但他们可以调整充值所需的最低区块确认数来降低这类风险。交易所上调所支持资产的区块确认时间，能够提高黑客逆转交易的成本。
While the exchange cannot prevent 51% of the arithmetic attacks (double flower attacks), it can reduce these risks by adjusting the minimum number of block confirmations required for a charge. The exchange can increase the cost of hacking to reverse the transaction by moving up the block confirmation time of the asset it supports.
The Block联系了一些交易所，想了解他们在设置充值确认时间时对用户便利性与安全性的权衡。但是大部分交易所“出于安全考虑”都不太愿意提供更多关于区块确认的信息，只有一家交易所为我们提供了一些关于这类流程的见解。
The Block contacted a number of exchanges to understand the trade-off between user convenience and security when setting the replenishment confirmation time. But most exchanges were “for security reasons” reluctant to provide more information on block identification, and only one offered us some insight into such processes.
根据一家亚洲大型交易所的回应，为了确定某一资产的区块确认数，大多数顶流交易所会考虑诸多因素，包括“相关代币的算法、网络与生态系统的历史、当前网络的运作情况”等等。
According to a response from a large Asian exchange, in order to determine the number of blocks to be identified for an asset, most top-rate exchanges take into account a number of factors, including “the algorithm of the relevant tokens, the history of networks and ecosystems, the functioning of the current network, etc.”.
然而，交易所也指出，平台不得不在便利性与安全性之间权衡，他们表示：“从我们的立场看，最重要的是要确保交易所和用户的安全。但我们同时也希望能为用户带去快速、便捷的体验，所以我们正在努力实现两者之间的平衡。”
However, the exchange also pointed out that the platform had to balance convenience with security, and they said: “In our position, the most important thing is to ensure the safety of the exchange and the user. But we also want to give users a quick and easy experience, so we are trying to strike a balance between the two.”
当被问及交易所多久调整一次区块确认时间时，交易所告诉我们，技术团队一直在监控上架资产的网络状态，但“没有必要的话我们也不太愿意去调整”。
When asked how often the exchange adjusts the block confirmation time, the exchange told us that the technical team had been monitoring the network status of the assets on board, but that “we would not be willing to adjust if not necessary”.
下面选取九种资产的确认时间进行分析，在此之前，我们先为大家解释下图文中会提到的概念：
Following is a selection of the identification time for nine types of assets, before we explain the concepts that will be mentioned in the figure below:
?确认数（Confirmation）：这是指在交易所充值某一资产后，该资产到账（并投入使用）所需的区块确认数量。需要注意的是，有些交易所对充值/提现设置的确认数不同，本文我们只分析充值确认数。
? Confirmation: This refers to the number of blocks needed for an asset to reach the account (and put into use) after the exchange has been replenished. It should be noted that some exchanges have different confirmations of the charge/presentation set, and we only analyse the confirmation of the charge.
? 分钟（Minutes）：这是指在交易所充值某一资产后，该资产到账（并投入使用）所需的时间（按分钟计算）。这是通过区块链平均出块间隔时间乘以所需区块确认数得出的。例如：比特币平均出块时间为10分钟一个区块，Coinbase上比特币充值到账需要3个区块确认，因此用户在Coinbase充值后需要等待的时间为30分钟（即3个确认*10分钟）。
Minutes (Minutes): This refers to the time (in minutes) required for the asset to reach account (and to be put into use) after the asset has been replenished by the exchange. This is calculated by multiplying the amount of time required by the average block interval of the block chain by the number of blocks. For example: Bitcoin has an average block time of 10 minutes, Coinbase requires three blocks to account, so the user has 30 minutes to wait after Coinbase has been replenished (i.e. 3 confirmations* 10 minutes).
? $：这是指区块奖励的美元价值，能够帮助我们估算黑客试图对交易所发起双花攻击时必须承担的成本。这是通过将每个区块奖励的代币乘以撰稿时代币对应的美元价值，再乘以交易所所需的区块确认数得出的。例如：现在比特币一个区块的奖励是12.5BTC，按4986美元/BTC的价格计算，区块奖励大概是62300美元左右。如果一个黑客计划对他们在Coinbase的比特币余额发起双花，那么成本约为187,000美元（即62300美元*3个确认）。为了简化计算，本文我们不考虑交易费用，只考虑区块奖励。
$: This refers to the dollar value of block incentives, which can help us estimate the costs that hackers have to bear when trying to launch a double flower attack on the exchange. This is by multiplying the dollar value of each block's reward by the dollar value of the coin corresponding to the currency of the writing period, and by multiplying the number of blocks required for the exchange. For example: now, a block in Bitcoin is awarded by 12.5 BTC, at a price of US$ 4986/BTC, which is approximately US$ 62,300. If a hacker plans to launch a double in respect of their bit currency balance in Coinbase, then the cost is about US$ 187,000 (i.e., US$ 62,300*3 confirmed). In order to simplify the calculation, we do not consider transaction costs, but only block incentives.
比特币（BTC）
Bitcoin (BTC)
下表是各交易所比特币充值所需的最低确认数。
The following table shows the minimum recognition required for the replacement of bitcoin by exchange.
?这些交易所平均所需的比特币区块确认数为2.4个（20.4分钟），中位数为2个（20分钟）。
? The average number of bitcoin blocks required for these exchanges is 2.4 (20.4 minutes) and the median is 2 (20 minutes).
?其中四家交易所采用最保守的方式接受比特币充值，即6个确认（60分钟）。也就是说，用户在这些交易所充值比特币后需要等候一个小时才能到账，而黑客若发起攻击需要花费37.4万美元来逆转交易。
Four of these exchanges accept bitcoin charges in the most conservative way, i.e. six confirmations (60 minutes). That is, users need an hour to wait for the bill when they charge bitcoins on these exchanges, and hackers spend $374,000 to reverse the deal.
?近1/3的交易所设置的确认数为1。
? Close to one third of the exchange's set-up is confirmed at 1.
以太坊（ETH）
Ether (ETH)
下表是各交易所ETH及以太坊系代币充值所需的最低确认数。
The table below sets out the minimum recognition required for the exchange ETH and for the surrogate value of the Tai family.
?这些交易所平均所需的以太区块确认数为18个（3.9分钟），中位数为12个（3分钟）。
? On average, 18 (3.9 minutes) and 12 (3 minutes) are identified as being required for these exchanges.
?有两家交易所的充值方式最为保守，分别是Independent Reserve和Liquid。这两家交易所需要50个确认数，也就是说用户充值到账大约需要等待11分钟，而黑客逆转交易大约需要11000美元。
There are two exchanges with the most conservative forms of charging, namely, Independent Reserve and Liquid. These two exchanges require 50 confirmations, which means that users have to wait about 11 minutes to reach the account, while hackers require about $11,000 to reverse the transaction.
?充值所需确认数最低的是Bitfinex，为5个确认（1分钟）
? The lowest number of confirmations required is Bitfinex, with 5 confirmations (1 minute)
比特币现金（BCH）
Bitcoin Cash (BCH)
下表是各交易所比特币现金（BCH）充值所需的最低确认数。
The following table shows the minimum recognition required for the cash (BCH) replenishment of the various exchanges.
?这些交易所平均所需的BCH区块确认数为7.2个（72分钟），中位数为4.5个（45分钟）。
? The average number of BCH blocks required for these exchanges is 7.2 (72 minutes) and the median is 4.5 (45 minutes).
?其中Coincheck的充值方式最为保守，需要30个确认。也就是说，用户充值到账大约需要等300分钟，而黑客逆转交易大约需要63000美元。
Of these, Coincheck is the most conservative, requiring 30 confirmations. That is, it takes about 300 minutes for a user to fill the account, and about $63,000 for a hacker to reverse the transaction.
?有4家交易所的确认数最低，为1个确认（10分钟）。
? There are four exchanges with the lowest number of confirmations, one (10 minutes).
BSV
下表是各交易所BSV充值所需的最低确认数。
The following table shows the minimum recognition required for BSV charges on each exchange.
?这些交易所平均所需的BSV区块确认数为18.5个（185分钟），中位数为10个（100分钟）。
? The average number of BSV blocks required for these exchanges is 18.5 (18.5 minutes) and the median is 10 (100 minutes).
? 这些交易所中，Bibox的充值方式最为保守，需要80个确认。也就是说，用户充值到账大约需要等800分钟，而黑客逆转交易大约需要11万美元。
Among these exchanges, Bibox is the most conservative, requiring 80 confirmations. That is to say, the user charge takes about 800 minutes to reach the account, while hacking takes about $110,000 to reverse the transaction.
?充值所需确认数最低的是Bitforex，为1个确认（10分钟）
? The lowest number of confirmations required is Bitforex, with 1 confirmation (10 mins)
莱特币（LTC）
LTC
?这些交易所平均所需的LTC区块确认数为4.6个（11.5分钟），中位数为4个（10分钟）。
? The average number of LTC blocks required for these exchanges is 4.6 (11.5 minutes) and the median is 4 (10 minutes).
? 有四家交易所的充值方式最为保守，需要12个确认。也就是说，用户充值到账大约需要等30分钟，而黑客逆转交易大约需要4900美元。
Four exchanges have the most conservative way of charging up, requiring 12 confirmations. That is, it takes about 30 minutes for a user to fill the account, and about $4,900 for a hacker to reverse the transaction.
? 有7家交易所的充值所需确认数最低，为1个确认（10分钟）
♪ There are seven exchanges with the lowest number of confirmations required, one (10 minutes)
门罗币（XMR）
Monroe (XMR)
?这些交易所平均所需的XMR区块确认数为10.5个（21分钟），中位数为4个（16分钟）。
? The average number of XMR blocks required for these exchanges is 10.5 (21 minutes) and the median is 4 (16 minutes).
?其中，Liquid充值方式最为保守，需要50个确认。也就是说，用户充值到账大约需要等100分钟，而黑客逆转交易大约需要3000美元。
Of these, Liquid is the most conservative, requiring 50 confirmations. That is to say, it takes about 100 minutes for a user to fill the account, and about $3,000 for a hacker to reverse the transaction.
?有6家交易所的充值所需确认数最低，为3个确认（6分钟）
♪ There are six exchanges with the lowest number of confirmations required ♪ ♪ 3 (6 minutes)
达世币（DASH）
DASH
?这些交易所平均所需的DASH区块确认数为12个（30分钟），中位数为7.5个（18.7分钟）。
? The average number of DASH blocks required for these exchanges is 12 (30 minutes) and the median is 7.5 (18.7 minutes).
?有三家交易所充值方式最为保守，需要50个确认。也就是说，用户充值到账大约需要等125分钟，而黑客逆转交易大约需要6700美元。
? There are three exchanges that are most conservative and require 50 confirmations. That is, it takes about 125 minutes for a user to fill the account, and about $6,700 for a hacker to reverse the transaction.
?有4家交易所的充值所需确认数最低，为1个确认（2.5分钟）
♪ There are four exchanges with the lowest number of confirmations required, one (2.5 minutes)
以太坊经典（ETC）
Ether Classic (ETC)
?这些交易所平均所需的ETC区块确认数为2150个（466分钟），中位数为100个（21.7分钟）。
? The average number of ETC blocks required for these exchanges is 2,150 (466 minutes) and the median is 100 (21.7 minutes).
?其中，Kraken的充值方式最为保守，需要43,200个确认。也就是说，用户充值到账大约需要等9,360分钟，而黑客逆转交易大约需要62.1万美元。
Of these, Kraken is the most conservative, requiring 43,200 confirmations. That is, the user charge takes about 9,360 minutes to reach the account, while hacking takes about $6.21 million to reverse the transaction.
?CoinEx的充值所需确认数最低，为12个确认（3分钟）。2019年以太坊经典曾经历过一轮51%攻击。
CoinEx had the lowest number of confirmations, 12 (3 minutes). In 2019, it was a 51-per-cent strike.
ZCASH
?这些交易所平均所需的ZCASH区块确认数为15.5个（39分钟），中位数为12个（30分钟）。
? The average number of ZCASH blocks required for these exchanges is 15.5 (39 minutes) and the median is 12 (30 minutes).
?其中，STEX的充值方式最为保守，需要110个确认。也就是说，用户充值到账大约需要等275分钟，而黑客逆转交易大约需要32000美元。
Of these, STEX is the most conservative, requiring 110 confirmations. That is to say, the user charge to the account is about 275 minutes and the hacker reverses the transaction is about $32,000.
?CoinEx的充值所需确认数最低，为1个确认（2.5分钟）。
? CoinEx requires the lowest number of confirmations, one (2.5 minutes).
交易所之间的比较
Comparison between exchanges
The Block对比了样本中九种资产所需区块确认的标准差。与标准差巨大的以太坊经典相比，比特币充值在各交易所需要的确认数区别不大。
The Block compares the standard deviations identified in the nine asset blocks in the sample. Bitcoins are not significantly different from the recognitions required in each transaction than in the standard infinite classics.
此外将各交易所的区块确认所需时间（分钟）进行了比较（删除了ETC，因为ETC与其他币种的差异过大，使图表很难正常解读）。虽然比特币网络与其他资产相比安全性是最高的，但从充值等待时间来看，交易所为用户造成的成本有时会过高。
In addition, the amount of time (minutes) required for the exchange’s block confirmation was compared (ETC was deleted because it was too different from other currencies to properly interpret the chart). While the Bitcoin network is the most secure compared to other assets, the transaction’s cost to the user is sometimes too high in terms of the amount of waiting time.
原标题：《盘点46家交易所的充值区块确认时间和攻击成本》
Original title: Counting 46 Exchange Fill Blocks to Confirm Time and Attack Cost
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论