新华社南京９月１６日电 题：比特币中国将停止所有交易业务，比特币还能不能碰？
On September 16, Xinhua Society Nanjing called > : Bitcoin will shut down all transactions in China.
新华社“中国网事”记者潘晔
Xinhua Society, Xinhua News, journalist Pan Xian.
这些天，关于监管要求国内比特币交易平台“全部关停，并于近期退出市场”的消息传得沸沸扬扬。１４日晚间，国内首家比特币交易所“比特币中国”发布公告称，比特币中国数字资产交易平台即日起停止新用户注册，并将于９月３０日停止所有交易业务。
On these days, news of the regulatory requirement that the domestic Bitcoin trading platform be “all shut down and recently exited from the market” has spread. On the evening of 14 September, the country’s first Bitcoin exchange, “bitcoin China”, issued an announcement stating that the Bitcoin Chinese digital asset trading platform would cease to register new users as soon as possible, and that all transactions would cease on 30 September.
比特币价格应声“跳水”，不少投资者高位被套，那些企图“一夜暴富”的投机者被当头棒喝。人们纷纷警醒并开始冷静思考，比特币到底投资价值何在？比特币创造财富神话的背后，是不是隐匿了另一面？
Bitcoin’s price should be “jumped off” – a lot of investors are being held up, and speculators who try to be “all-night rich” are being drunk. People wake up and start thinking calmly. What is the value of Bitcoin’s investment?
比特币和犯罪扯上关系
bitcoin has a connection to crime
在某些人眼中，比特币成为争取货币自由、实现资产增值、发展支付技术的有生力量，一些投资者陆续加入比特币的队伍中并投入巨资。但随着比特币等数字货币的持续热炒，比特币与许多犯罪案件扯上了关系，成为一些不法分子实施犯罪的新“帮手”。比如，在美国购买大麻，在荷兰购买毒品，在黑市购买军火……不少灰色地带里，比特币已是硬通货一样的存在，甚至成为勒索攻击的最新犯罪工具。
In the eyes of some, Bitcoin has become a living force for monetary freedom, asset value addition, and payment technology, and some investors have joined and invested heavily in Bitcoin. But, as digital currencies, such as Bitcoin, continue to rage, Bitcoin has become associated with many criminal cases, becoming a new “collaborator” for some outlaws to commit crimes. For example, in the United States, buying marijuana, drugs in the Netherlands, and arms on the black market.
２０１３年１０月，美国多个执法部门查缴了一个利用比特币进行匿名非法买卖的电子交易平台。其创始人和运营者罗斯·乌布利希短短两年就将该平台变成网络世界最大的“黑市”，拥有近百万客户，销售总额高达１２亿美元。在该平台上，服务涵盖了办假护照、非法入侵系统和获取信息、买卖毒品武器、提供色情服务等，所有交易都通过比特币支付完成。
In October 2013, several U.S. law enforcement agencies seized an electronic trading platform using Bitcoin for anonymous illicit trade. Its founder and operator, Ross Ublich, turned the platform into the world’s largest black market in the Internet in just two years, with nearly a million customers, selling a total of $1.2 billion.
今年５月１２日爆发的ＷａｎｎａＣｒｙ勒索病毒事件，包括中国在内，不少国家和地区的高校和政府部门的网络及电脑都“中了枪”。该病毒会将电脑中的一些ｗｏｒｄ、ｐｐｔ和ｐｄｆ等格式的文件锁定，要求机主支付一定的赎金才解锁文件，而赎金必须比特币支付。
The WannaCry extortion virus, which broke out on 12 May this year, including in China, has been “gunned” by the network and computers of high schools and government departments in a number of countries and regions. The virus locks up some of the computer's documents in the form of Words, ppt, and pdf, requiring the owner to pay a certain ransom in order to unlock the document, which has to be paid in bitcoin.
据知情人士透露，比特币还被用来进行非法资产转移——用本国货币买入比特币，在国外交易平台卖出，再以美元取出，几分钟就可以完成资产转移。
According to informed sources, Bitcoin is also used for illicit asset transfers — buying it in national currency, selling it on foreign trading platforms and taking it out in United States dollars, and completing the transfer in a few minutes.
犯罪分子为何青睐比特币？
Why do criminals prefer bitcoin?
比特币等数字货币的持续热炒，让国内外不法分子抓住人们欲快速致富的心理，利用数字货币概念，炮制传销骗局、从事不法活动。
The continued booming of digital currencies such as Bitcoin has allowed domestic and foreign outlaws to seize the spirit of rapid enrichment by using the concept of digital currency to spread frauds and engage in illicit activities.
记者了解到，与大多数常见货币不同，比特币不依靠特定货币机构发行。它依据特定算法，通过大量的计算产生，使用整个Ｐ２Ｐ网络中众多节点构成的分布式数据库来确认、记录的交易行为，并使用密码学设计来确保各环节的安全性，让比特币便具有了不易溯源，不会暴露身份，而且流通广泛的“优势”。与传统支付手段相比，要追踪比特币转账更加困难，它可以绕开银行系统，在国家与国家之间轻易转移资金。
Journalists have learned that, unlike most common currencies, Bitcoin does not depend on specific monetary institutions for issuance. It is based on a certain algorithm, generated by a large number of calculations, using distributed databases consisting of numerous nodes in the entire P2P network to identify and record transactions and using cryptography to ensure the security of the links, giving Bitcoin a non-retraceable source that does not expose the identity and has a broad “advantage” in circulation. It is more difficult to track Bitcoin transfers than traditional means of payment, and it can circumvent the banking system and easily transfer funds between countries.
Ｅｌｌｉｐｔｉｃ Ｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓ是一家咨询公司，他与执法机关合作，协助追踪比特币。公司业务拓展与调查副总裁卢克·威尔逊表示，有的犯罪贩子不用现金或者支票，而是使用比特币，因为他们相信比特币是匿名的，速度快。
Elliptic Enterprises, a consulting firm, works with law enforcement agencies to help track Bitcoin. Luke Wilson, Vice-President of Corporate Outreach and Investigation, says that some criminal traffickers use bitcoin instead of cash or cheques, because they believe Bitcoin is anonymous and fast.
区块链（Ｂｌｏｃｋ Ｃｈａｉｎ，加密货币的一种形式）平台Ｔｅｚｏｓ的联合创始人凯萨琳·布雷特曼指出，因为比特币的存在，一些人做坏事更容易了，不需要银行账户就能拿到资金。
The co-founder of the block chain (Block Chain, a form of encrypted currency) platform Tezos, Catherine Brettman, pointed out that, because of Bitcoin, it was easier for some people to do bad things and to get money without a bank account.
比特币还能不能碰？
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目前，欧盟、英国等多国政府已开始研究打击利用比特币犯罪活动的方案，并积极展开行动。
Currently, a number of Governments, such as the European Union and the United Kingdom, have begun to study programmes to combat the use of Bitcoin for criminal activities and have taken active action.
今年９月１３日，中国互联网金融协会发文提醒，比特币等所谓“虚拟货币”缺乏明确的价值基础，比特币等所谓“虚拟货币”日益成为洗钱、贩毒、走私、非法集资等违法犯罪活动的工具，投资者应保持警惕，发现违法犯罪活动线索应立即报案。
On 13 September this year, the Chinese Internet Finance Association sent a reminder that so-called “virtual currencies”, such as Bitcoin, lacked a clear value base and that so-called “virtual currencies”, were increasingly used as instruments for criminal activities, such as money-laundering, drug trafficking, smuggling and illegal collection of funds. Investors should be vigilant and should immediately report any leads they might find to criminal activities in violation of the law.
事实上，早在２０１３年，五部委发布的《关于防范比特币风险的通知》中，就明确了比特币为“网络虚拟商品”，而不是货币。这意味着，司法机关一般会将比特币认定为一种虚拟财产。
Indeed, as early as 2013, in the Bulletin on Protection against the Risk of Bitcoin issued by five ministries, Bitcoin was identified as a “net virtual commodity” rather than as a currency. This means that the judiciary generally considers Bitcoin to be a virtual property.
对于普通投资者，投资数字货币会面临两类风险：一是数字货币本身的投机风险，由于缺乏实际兑换价值，且自身价值不以“货币锚”为基准，容易受到监管政策变化的影响，数字货币价格易发生巨幅震荡，普通投资者盲目跟风容易遭受重大损失；二是不受监管的数字货币交易平台带来的风险。如果投资者购买的某数字货币在技术上并不具备数字货币特征，仅仅是挂数字货币之名的非法集资，风险就更大了。
For ordinary investors, there are two types of risks to investment in digital currencies: first, the risk of speculation in the digital currency itself, vulnerability to regulatory policy changes because of a lack of real exchange value and the fact that its own value is not based on a “currency anchor”, the vulnerability of digital currency prices to massive shocks and the vulnerability of ordinary investors to significant losses blindly, and second, the risk posed by unregulated digital money trading platforms. If a digital currency purchased by an investor is technically not characterized as a digital currency, the risk is even greater if it is merely an illegal collection of funds in the name of a digital currency.
“如果不小心卷入比特币犯罪，也请不要惊慌”。江苏省苏州市吴中区人民检察院检察官梁琪、华东政法大学教授何萍等受访专家建议，首先是及时报案，以便警方及时介入；其次是固定证据，要尽量将与犯罪嫌疑人之间的相关联络记录保存下来，以便司法机关取证。另外，面对敲诈勒索时，要尽量和犯罪嫌疑人之间多交流以拖延时间，尽可能确保司法机关查找有关嫌疑人更多的线索和证据。
“Don't panic if you are not accidentally involved in the crime in Bitcoin.” The experts interviewed, such as Riang Qi, Public Prosecutor of the U Central District of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, and Ho Ping, Professor of the University of Political Science and Law, Huadong Province, recommended, first, to report the crime in time so that the police can intervene in a timely manner; secondly, to keep the relevant contact records with the suspect, as much as possible, in order for the judicial authorities to take evidence. Moreover, in the face of extortion, it is important to try to communicate with the suspect as much as possible in order to delay his time, and to ensure that the judicial authorities search for more leads and evidence about the suspect as much as possible.
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