{ 今日话题 }
{\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}Today's topic
首先，小编想先举2个例子
First, the editor would like to give two examples < b/>.
No.1
你要在某宝上买一部手机，交易流程是：你将钱打给支付宝－支付宝收款后通知卖家发货－卖家发货－你确认收货－支付宝把钱打给卖家。
You're going to buy a mobile phone on a treasure, and the transaction is: you call the money to pay the money, you tell the seller to deliver the money after paying the money, the seller to deliver the goods, you confirm receipt, and you pay the money to the seller.
这是一个中心化集中式处理的过程，虽然你是在和卖家交易，但是这笔交易还牵扯到了除了你和卖家的第三方，即支付宝，你和卖家的交易都是围绕支付宝展开。因此，如果支付宝系统出了问题便会造成这笔交易的失败。并且虽然你只是简单的买了一个手机，但是你和卖家都要向第三方提供多余的信息。
This is a centralized process, although you are dealing with the seller, but the deal involves you and the seller, besides you and the seller's third party, that is, paying the treasure. So, if there is a problem with the payment system, the deal will fail. And while you simply buy a mobile phone, you and the seller will have to provide the third party with extra information.
No.2
建立一个简单的去中心化借贷模型：如果小红借了小明100块钱，这个时候，小红在人群中大喊“我是小红，我借给了小明100块钱！”，小明也在人群中大喊“我是小明，小红借给了我100块钱！”，此时路人甲乙丙丁都听到了这些消息，因此所有人都在心中默默记下了“小红借给了小明100块钱”。你看，这个时候一个去中心化的系统就建立起来了，这个系统中不需要银行，也不需要借贷协议和收据，严格来说，甚至不需要人与人长久的信任关系（比如小明突然又改口说“我不欠小红钱！”，这个时候人民群众就会站出来说“不对，我的小本本上记录了你某天借了小红100块钱！”）。
Create a simple decentralized lending model: if Red borrows Ming 100 dollars, then Red shouts in the crowd: “I am Red, and I loan Ming 100 dollars!” and Ming shouts in the crowd: “I am Ming, and Red loaned 100 dollars!” Then the passers-by hears the news, so everyone says, “Ring lends 100 dollars to Ming.” You see, this time, a decentralized system is built, and there is no need for banks, no need for loan agreements and receipts, and, strictly speaking, no need for a long-standing relationship of trust (e.g. Ming suddenly says, “I don't owe red money!” This time, the people will come forward and say, “No, my book records one day you borrow 100 dollars!”).
可能你已经发现了，在上述的模型中，所谓的“100块钱”已经不重要了。换句话说，任何东西都可以在这个模型中交换，甚至可以凭空杜撰一个东西，只要大家承认，就可以让杜撰的东西流通。再假设过了很长一段时间，凭空创造的这样“东西”已经在这个系统中流通起来了，大家都开始认可了。因为这样“东西”是凭空创造的，数量有限，非常珍贵。于是有人动了坏脑筋，他也在人群中高呼自己拥有了这样“东西”怎么办？大家是直接在小本本上记下他也拥有么，这样不是人人都可以伪造了么？
In other words, anything can be exchanged in this model, or even created out of thin air, if you admit it. After a long period of time, this sort of thing has been in circulation in the system, and everyone agrees. Because this kind of thing is created in empty space, limited in quantity and valuable. So someone moves a bad brain, and he shouts in the crowd that he owns something like this.
为了防止这种现象发生，在创造这样“东西”的时候应该先打上标记（比如标记为001），这样以后在每一笔交易的时候，在高喊“我给了某某1个‘东西’！”的时候，会附加上额外的一句话：“这1个‘东西’的来源是记为001的那条记录，我的这句话标记为002！”。整理一下这句话的内容格式就变成了：“这句话编号xxx，上一句话的编号是yyy，我给了某某1个‘东西’！”，这样就防止了伪造。
In order to prevent this from happening, it would be useful to mark the creation of such a “thing” (e.g. 001) so that, in each transaction, an additional sentence would be added to the slogan “I gave a certain ‘something’!”: “This one came from the record of 001, which I marked with 002!” The form of the phrase would be: “This phrase xx, the last one is yyy, and I gave one ‘something’!” and that would prevent forgery.
◆ ◆ ◆
你现在脑海中是不是浮现出了三个字 比特币BITCOIN
Do you have three words in your mind bitcoin?
没错，第二个例子说的就是已经炒到上万人民币的比特币了，今天小编就简单地介绍一下区块链技术和比特币。
Yes, the second example is the amount of bitcoin that has already been fired in the tens of thousands of yuan, and today the editor-in-chief briefly describes block chain technology and bitcoin.
区块链本质上是一个去中心化的分布式账本数据库。
The block chain is essentially a decentralised distributed account database.
通俗一点地说，区块链是一个收录所有历史交易的总帐，每个区块中包含若干笔交易记录。如果说区块链是账本，那么区块就是账本的每一页。交易的细节都被记录在一个网络里任何人都可以看得到的公开账簿上。
In general terms, the block chain is a ledger of all historical transactions, and each block contains several transaction records. If the block chain is an account book, the block is every page of the account book. The details of the transaction are recorded in a public ledger that anyone can see in a network.
区块链具有去中心和去信任两大特征
The block chain has two characteristics: to the center >/strong > and to trust
01
由于每个区块都含有特定时间内系统全部信息交流数据，因而每个区块都是平等的，且单一区块的损害不影响系统整体的安全性，所以区块链具有去中心特征。
Since each block contains the complete information exchange data of the system over a specific period of time, each block is equal and the damage of a single block does not affect the security of the system as a whole, the chain of blocks has a central feature.
如果第一个例子用区块链技术处理，去中心化的处理方式就要显得简单很多，你只需要和卖家交换钱和手机，然后双方都声称完成了这笔交易，就OK了。
If the first example is handled with block chain technology, the decentralised approach would be much simpler. You simply need to exchange money and cell phones with the seller and then both claim to have completed the transaction.
可以看出在某些特定情况下，去中心化的处理方式会更便捷，同时也无须担心自己的与交易无关的信息泄漏。
It can be seen that, in certain specific cases, decentralised treatment would be easier without fear of leaking information that is not related to the transaction.
其实如果只考虑两个人的交易并不能把去中心化的好处完全展示出来，设想如果有成千上万笔交易在进行，去中心化的处理方式会节约很多资源，使得整个交易自主化、简单化，并且排除了被中心化代理控制的风险。
Indeed, if the benefits of decentralization are not fully demonstrated by considering only two-person transactions, it is envisaged that, if tens of thousands of transactions were under way, decentralized treatment would save a lot of resources, automate the entire transaction, simplify it and exclude the risk of being controlled by a centralized agent.
去中心化是区块链技术的颠覆性特点，它无需中心化代理，实现了一种点对点的直接交互，使得高效率、大规模、无中心化代理的信息交互方式成为了现实。
Decentralization is a subversive feature of block chain technology that does not require a centralizing agent, which enables a direct point-to-point interaction that makes efficient, large-scale, non-centralized proxy information interaction a reality.
02
同样，由于每个区块含有系统所有信息，使得信息的真实性是可以交叉验证的，只有攻破超过51%的节点才能篡改信息，在一个足够大的区块链系统中，成本极高，可以认为区块链中的信息都是真实的，所以区块链具有去信任特征。
Similarly, since each block contains all the information in the system, the authenticity of the information can be cross-checked, the information can only be tampered with by breaking more than 51 per cent of the nodes, and in a sufficiently large block chain system, the information in the block chain can be considered to be real and thus the chain of blocks has trust features.
区块链采用密码学的方法来保证已有数据不可能被篡改。每个区块头都会进行SHA256哈希加密，生成一个哈希值，通过这个值，我们可以在区块链中识别出特定区块，并且每个区块头都还包含它的父区块的哈希值。
Block chains use cryptography to ensure that data are not tampered with. Each block head is encrypted by the SHA256 Hash, creating a Hashi value through which we can identify specific blocks in the block chain, and each block head contains the Hashi value of its parent block.
每一个子区块都只有一个父区块，但一个父区块可以暂时拥有很多子区块，这种情况被称为区块链分叉。这种只有当不同的矿工在同一时刻发现不同的区块时才会发生。这时解决的方法就是，每一个节点总是选择并尝试延长拥有最大工作量证明（最长或者最大难度）的区块链。
Each of the subblocks has only one parent block, but a parent block can temporarily have many subblocks, which is called a block chain fork. This happens only when different miners find different blocks at the same time. The solution is that each node always chooses and attempts to extend the chain of blocks with the maximum proof of workload (the longest or the most difficult).
◆ ◆ ◆
大多数人对区块链的认识始于比特币，二者的关系是，区块链是底层技术和理念，比特币仅是区块链目前最火的一个应用而已。下面，就提一个比特币相关知识。
Most people's understanding of the block chain starts in Bitcoin, where the relationship is that the block chain is the bottom technology and the idea, and Bitcoin is just one of the hottest applications of the block chain at the moment . And here's a bitcoin-related knowledge.
在比特币领域中，存在“矿工”这样一个概念。矿工是指通过不断重复哈希运算来产生工作量的各个网络节点。（每个节点都是路由，区块链数据库，挖矿，钱包服务的功能集合。）
In Bitcoin, there is a concept of “miners”. Miners are network nodes that generate workloads through constant duplication of Hashi calculations. (Each node is a route, a block chain database, mining, and wallet services.)
矿工们需要竞争完成一种基于加密哈希算法的数学难题，答案存在于新的区块中，谁优先解出这个答案，谁就能在p2p网络中广播声明自己已经获得这个区块，其他的旷工就会意识到在这局里已经输了，就会立马开始下一个区块的挖掘工作。每个矿工在他的区块中都有一笔特殊的交易，他们会将新生成的比特币（原来是每块25个比特币）作为报酬，然后支付到自己的比特币地址中。一旦这个区块被认可被验证，也就是被添加到区块链中，他的这笔报酬就可以变为可用可消费的状态。
The miners need to compete to complete a mathematical challenge based on the crypto-Hosh algorithm, and the answer lies in the new block, and whoever gives priority to that answer will be able to broadcast on the p2p network stating that they have acquired the block, and the rest of the workers will realize that they have lost in the Bureau and start digging for the next block. Each miner has a special deal in his block, and they will pay their newly generated bitcoin (previously 25 bitcoins) as a reward and then pay their own bitcoin address. Once the block has been certified, that is, added to the block chain, his remuneration can be turned into a consumerable state.
在比特币体系中，平均每十分钟就可以发现一个新的区块，在完全去中心化的比特币网络中（即不受任何第三方控制），每个完整节点中独立自动发生难度调整，让新区块的产出速率维持在平均每十分钟一个。
In the Bitcoin system, a new block can be found on average every 10 minutes, and in a completely decentralized Bitcoin network (i.e. not controlled by any third party), self-inflicted difficulty adjustments occur at each complete node to maintain the output rate of the new block at an average of 1 per 10 minutes.
有个拟人化的比喻：
There's a metaphor for strong:
单身汪们要找女票，国民岳母说我有好多女儿，这样吧我给你们出点题目，解出一个就给其中一个姑娘的微信号。
The bachelors are looking for a woman's ticket, and the mother-in-law says I have a lot of daughters, so I'll give you a few questions, and I'll give you a small signal to one of the girls.
单身汪们疯狂竞争，想破脑袋去解题。只要其中一只汪解出一道题，就立马得意洋洋地昭告天下，示威全部单身汪，这个姑娘是我的啦，你们放弃吧。其他单身汪们即使不服也没有办法，惆怅懊恼也不是个事儿啊，还是麻溜地立马去解下一道题目吧。这只喜赢姑娘的幸运小汪被岳母认可后还能得到25个货币单位的彩礼，简直人生赢家。
The bachelors compete and try to solve the problem. As long as one of them solves the problem, the whole demonstration will be told, and the girl will be all single. This is mine. You can give up. The other bachelors, even if they can't do it, will not be a problem.
岳母会通过解题的速率去调整题目的难度，有时候吧，出的太难了，好久没小伙子有能力来上门提亲，她一寻思，这可不行，这女儿不能砸手里啊，得把题目难度降一点。有时候难度太简单，不到10个时间单位就嫁出去一个，这更不行，赶紧使用难度提升技能。。。
The mother-in-law adjusts the difficulty of the subject through the speed with which it is solved. Sometimes it is too hard to come out. She can't think about it. She can't hit her hand, she has to make it less difficult. Sometimes it is too difficult to marry one in less than 10 units of time, which is much more difficult to use to improve her skills.
上面所描述的其实就是“挖矿”的概念。
What is described above is the concept of “mining” .
小彩蛋
Eggs.
可以认识一下比特币领域的创世区块↓↓↓
I'd like to get to know some of the original pieces in the bitcoin field.
右边是比特币创始人中本聪留下的一句话。
On the right is a phrase left behind by Bennett among the founders of Bitcoin.
“The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks” 这句话正是泰晤士报当天的头版文章标题。
“The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on bridge of second bailout for banks” is the title of the newspaper’s front page of the day.
关于区块链和比特币的详细介绍说明可以参考以下文章：
A detailed description of the block chain and bitcoin can be found in the following articles:
《区块链100问》再不懂区块链，你就out了！（微信平台又出问题了，外部超链接加不了，只好大家手动搜一下百度经验。
）
那么在哪些领域里也会用到区块链技术呢？
What are the areas in which the block chain technology will be used?
1银行业
1
作为一种数字化，安全防干扰的帐户，区块链实现了银行业的核心功能：即价值的安全储存和转移中心。也就是说，在将来的几年内，一波基于区块链技术的公司或将影响到银行业。
As a digital, jamming-proof account, the block chain fulfils the core function of the banking industry: a secure storage and transfer centre for values. That is, a wave of companies based on block chain technology may affect the banking industry in the coming years.
2支付和转账
2 payments and transfers
区块链技术能够避开繁杂的系统，在付款人和收款人之间创造更直接的付款流程，不管是境内转账还是跨境转账，这种方式都有着低价、迅速的特点，而且无需中间手续费。
Block chain technology avoids cumbersome systems and creates more direct payment processes between payers and recipients, whether internal or cross-border, which are characterized by low prices, speed and free of intermediate charges.
3网络安全
3 Cybersecurity
虽然区块链的系统是公开的，但其核验、发送等数据交流过程却采用了先进的加密技术。这种技术不仅确保了数据的正确来源，也确保了数据在中间过程不被人拦截。如果区块链技术的应用更为广泛，那么其遭受黑客袭击的概率也可能会下降，因此人们认为区块链系统要比传统系统更为稳妥。区块链系统之所以能降低传统网络安全风险，一大原因就是它解除了对中间人的需求。
Although the system of block chains is open, advanced encryption techniques are used in data exchange processes such as verification, dispatch, etc. This technology not only ensures the correct source of data, but also that data are not intercepted in intermediate processes. If block chain technologies are used more widely, their probability of being hit by hackers is likely to decrease, so it is thought that block chain systems are more secure than traditional systems. One of the main reasons why block chain systems reduce traditional network security risks is that they ease the demand for intermediaries.
4选举
4
大家的投票“绝不可能被我们——即程序员，学校管理员或学生修改、删除。”
Your vote “can never be modified or deleted by us, i.e. programmers, school administrators or students.”
5智能合同
5 Smart Contract
智能合同实际上是在另一个物体的行动上发挥功能的电脑程序。和普通电脑程序一样，智能合同也是一种“如果-然后”功能，但区块链技术实现了这些“合同”的自动填写，无需人工介入。这种合同最终可能会取代法律行业的核心业务，即在商业和民事领域起草和管理合同的业务。
Smart contracts are, in fact, computer programs that function in the operation of another object. Like normal computer programs, smart contracts are also a “if-and-then” function, but block chain technology achieves these “contracts” automatically without manual intervention. Such contracts may eventually replace the core business of the legal profession, i.e., the business of drafting and managing contracts in the commercial and civil fields.
6股票交易
6
许多年来，各个公司都在想方设法简化股票的购买、销售和交易过程，新兴的区块链技术创企认为他们能够超越以往，实现整个流程的自动化，提高安全性和效率。
For many years, companies have been trying to simplify the purchase, sale and trading of stocks, and emerging block chain technologies think they can move beyond the past, automate the entire process, and improve safety and efficiency.
与其说区块链是一项新技术，不如说是一种新的思想理念。区块链中包含的信息加密等技术早已经有了，更多的还是在理念上的革新，这也是区块链之所以影响巨大的原因所在。新技术迟早会被超越，快则一两年，慢则四五年；而革新性的理念才有足够的能量影响到经济社会的各个方面。
is not so much a new idea as a new one. Technology such as information encryption contained in the block chain has long existed, and much more is a conceptual innovation, and that is why it has a huge impact.
◆ ◆ ◆
个人认为区块链技术是很有前景的领域，有兴趣的童鞋值得深究。
Individuals see block chain technology as a promising area, and interested child shoes deserve further examination.
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论