随着开年以来基金市场的持续低迷，在年前趁着基金爆红“跑步买基”的年轻人心情也一沉再沉。社交网络随处可见年轻“基民”的自嘲、抱怨与焦虑，“你可以绿我，却不可以绿我的基金”式的调侃引发了众多共鸣，在二手闲置交易平台上，“基金亏了”也成为转卖手机、游戏机最常见的理由。
As the Fund’s market continued to be depressed since its inception, young people who had taken advantage of the Fund’s booming “run-and-go-buying” moods were sunk a year ago. Social networking was full of self-sacrifice, complaints, and anxiety among young “civics,” and “you can green me, but you can't green me,” and the “fund loss” was the most common reason for selling mobile phones and games.
图片源自微博@语文指挥中心。
Photo from Weibo @Language Command Centre.
正是同样一批年轻人，一个月前还在基金交易平台的讨论区积极相亲，为表现优异的基金经理成立全球后援会、粉丝群、打榜话题，一个月之后，形势已截然不同。
It was the same group of young people who had actively met each other in the discussion areas of the Fund's trading platform a month earlier, and who had been able to set up a global back-up group, fans and speakers for fund managers who had performed well. A month later, the situation had become very different.
但无论是为基金欢呼雀跃，还是为基金黯然神伤，这大起大落之间，“基金”所代表的理财，或者用更通俗的说法“搞钱”，俨然已经成为年轻人生活的必要组成部分，其重要性不亚于恋爱、工作或追星。
But whether it is for the benefit of the Fund or for the disillusionment of the Fund, between the big drops, the “fund” represents the management of money, or the more popular term “money-making”, it has become an essential part of young people's lives, no less important than love, work or pursuit.
基金的爆红只是冰山一角，年轻人精通各类理财的门道。而在这种执着背后，是他们对金钱、对工作、对生活方式乃至存在方式的重新理解与重新定义。
The Fund’s boom is just the tip of the iceberg, and young people are proficient in all kinds of money management. Behind this insistence is their redefinition and redefinition of money, work, lifestyle, and even how they exist.
撰文｜肖舒妍
01
“理财”开源和“抠门”节流
这个冬天，基金的火热有些似曾相识，正如上一个冬天占据话题的保险，更早之前流行的比特币和股票。只不过这一次，由于基金的准入门槛更低（不少基金10元即可起投）、操作方式更简单（常用支付软件即可购买）、投资收益率更直观（每天都能即时确认当日收益），它所吸引的基民规模远超以往。
During the winter, the Fund’s heat seemed familiar, as was the case with the last winter’s coverage of the topic, the earlier popular bitcoin and equities. This time, however, it attracted a much larger base population than before, owing to its lower access threshold (a lot of 10 dollars for a fund), simpler operations (the usual payment software) and a more straightforward return on investment (the daily immediate recognition of the day’s returns).
与过去几次投资理财热潮最大的不同是，在2020年新增的基民中，年轻人占了大多数。根据Mob研究院数据显示，2020年新增基民中，18-34岁群体占比达到60%，年轻化趋势明显。在年轻人成为新基民主力的同时，基金也成为了年轻人首选的投资方式，由陆金所和脉脉联合发布的《2020职场人年终奖真相调研》中提到，95后投资者中，有62%的人将钱投在了基金中。
According to the Mob Institute, the 18-34 age group accounted for 60% of the new base population in 2020, and the trend towards rejuvenation is clear. As young people become the new foundation of democracy, the Fund has also become the preferred investment modality for young people, with 62% of post-95 investors contributing to the Fund, as mentioned in the Survey of the Truth of the End of the Year Award for People at Work 2020, published jointly by the Land Gold Institute and the pulses.
图片源自陆金所和脉脉联合发布的《2020职场人年终奖真相调研》的报告截图。
The photos are based on a screenshot of a report published jointly by IBL and the pulse, the End-of-Year Survey of People in the Workplace 2020 Award.
年轻人凭借自己的社交天性和段子手天赋，为基金带来了话题度，无论是形势大好的“红”，还是“跌妈不认”的“绿”，都进一步推进了基金的普及与出圈。
Young people, by virtue of their social nature and skills, have brought the Fund to the fore, both “red” and “green” in good circumstances, which has further boosted the Fund's outreach and outreach.
伴随着基金的热度，一个新词也出现在人们的视野——“睡后收入”。顾名思义，“睡后收入”是躺着就能挣来的钱，无需花费时间和精力便可自动获得，在百科词条的解释中，“它更是获得财务自由和提前退休的必要前提”。“睡后收入”的主要渠道有三：一是收租，只要拥有一定的原始资产并对其进行出租，就能定时收到租金，其中房租当时是最旱涝保收的方式；二是申请知识产权，只要创作者的作品如书籍、音乐、图片还在继续传播，他们就能持续获得版权费用；三是理财，保险、基金、股票等理财方式都能让钱生钱，带来收入，只是风险和回报率并存。
Along with the heat of the Fund, a new word appears in the eyes of the people: “sleep income.” By definition, “sleep income” is the money that can be earned by lying down without spending time or effort, and in the interpretation of the encyclopedia, “it is more a prerequisite for financial freedom and early retirement.” The main channels for “sleep income” are three: rent is paid, and rent is fixed, provided that the original assets are owned and leased, and rent is then the best way to protect them from drought and floods; second, intellectual property rights are applied for, so long as the creator's works such as books, music and pictures continue to spread, they can continue to receive copyright fees; and third, money is managed, insurance, funds, stocks, etc., can generate income, but only risks and returns.
其实“睡后收入”一词在2018年就有媒体提出，但无论是收租还是创作知识产权都具有常人难以企及的门槛，而当时股票的巨大风险与定期存款的微薄收益也使得“理财”能够创造的睡后收入杯水车薪。这个词对大众而言，显得毫无吸引力。
In fact, the term “sleeping income” was proposed by the media in 2018, but both rent collection and creative intellectual property rights had a common threshold that was difficult to reach, and the huge risk of stocks and the meagre benefits of term deposits had made it possible for “money management” to generate after-sleeping earnings. The term was unattractive to the public.
但在2020年，基金的良好收益使得借理财实现财富自由成为了可能。根据万得金融数据显示，2019年偏股基金收益率中位数达到35%，2020年，主动管理的权益类基金算术平均收益率为48%，其中更有55只基金收益率超过100%。这意味着，不用996也不用007，只要买对了基金，哪怕日日躺平你的收入每年也能自动翻番。
In 2020, however, the Fund’s good returns made it possible to free its wealth by borrowing money. According to the "B" financial data, the median return on equity funds reached 35% in 2019, and in 2020, the average rate of return on the actively managed equity fund arithmetic was 48%, with a further 55 funds earning more than 100%.
这样的好事无疑让人心生向往，财富自由如此唾手可得，无怪乎理财便成了最流行的生活方式。在豆瓣，“用利息生活丨投资理财”小组拥有超过52万的组员。在这里，他们分享自己购买基金的技巧，讨论未来可能的投资机会，更痛诉所遭遇的巨大亏损，而一些成功凭借投资实现财富自由的案例则给予所有人希望。
In the bean petals, the “Living with Interest” group has over 520,000 members. Here, they share their skills to buy funds, discuss possible future investment opportunities, and complain of the huge losses they have suffered, while some cases of successful investment to free wealth give hope to everyone.
豆瓣小组“用利息生活 | 投资理财”。
The Bean Pulse Group, "Living with Interest, Investing in Money."
有趣的是，和“用利息生活丨投资理财”旗鼓相当的另一个小组是“丧心病狂攒钱小组”，56万自称“存钱罐”的用户在此互相监督、互相激励，不花一分多余的钱，用有限的钱获得最高的生活质量。大至买房决策、更换工作，小到购买帆布包、使用洗脸巾，“存钱罐”们都会在组里寻求帮助，而豆友们也会群策群力、倾囊相助。
Interestingly, another group similar to the one called "Little-Little-Little-Little-Little-Little-Little-Little-Little-Little Group, where 560,000 self-declared users monitor each other, inspire each other, spend no extra money, and earn the highest quality of life with a limited amount of money. Big decisions to buy houses, change jobs, buy canvass, use face-washing towels, all of them seek help in the group, and the bean friends will come together and help.
除了“丧心病狂攒钱小组”之外，豆瓣的热门小组还有“抠门女性联合会”、“抠门男性联合会”、“理财失败相互鼓励小组”等不一而足。看起来，年轻人通过理财开源，通过抠门节流，实现了最大程度的“搞钱”。
In addition to the Carnival Group, the soybean women’s association, the Men’s Association, and the Group for Mutual Incentives for Financial Losses are among the popular groups. It appears that young people have achieved the greatest possible level of “money-making” through the open source of finance.
02
热捧基金背后，
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留给年轻人的选择并不多
曾几何时，“月光族”才是年轻人推崇的生活方式，尚未成立家庭、暂无养老负担的他们可以“一人吃饱，全家不愁”，有大好的时光、大把的精力，全部的工资收入都能用于提高生活质量。是什么让他们换上了精打细算的生活方式？ Once upon a time, the Moonlights were the way of life that young people advocated, and those who did not yet have a family, and who did not have the burden of old age, they could “have a full meal and a whole family”, have a good time, energy, and all their wages can be used to improve their quality of life. What has changed them to a more sophisticated way of life? 最直接的因素可能是过去一年挥之不去的疫情阴影。突如其来的疫病以及随之而来漫长的隔离，让年轻人被关在家中，无法工作也没有收入。曾经的储蓄便成为了救命稻草，给身处不安中的人们带来一丝安慰。即便疫情过去，它所昭示的生活不确定性也不会消失，时刻鞭打着年轻人理财、储蓄，以备下一次风暴的到来。 The most immediate factor may be the lingering shadow of the epidemic over the past year. A sudden epidemic and the ensuing long isolation keep young people in their homes, unable to work or earn income. 更长远的原因则是，这届年轻人发现自己确实缺钱。一方面，90后、95后错过了80年代的改革开放、90年代的经济迅速增长，初出校门的他们，下海经商则没有原始资本，独立创业则面对一片红海，实现财富积累的方式最普遍的方式只能是进入企业，拿一份工资。 The longer-term reason is that young people find themselves in real need of money. On the one hand, after 90 and 95 years, they missed reform and opening up in the 1980’s, rapid economic growth in the 1990’s, they left school in the first place, they had no seed capital for business, and independent entrepreneurship faced a red sea, and the most common way to build their wealth was to enter a business and get a wage. 日剧《无法成为野兽的我们》剧照。 The Japanese play "We Can't Be A Beast." 过去年轻人成家立业时，尚可以接受父母的资助来站稳脚跟，但他们又赶上了房价的高涨。更多工作机会吸引了年轻人来到一二线城市，可三四线城市的家庭哪怕倾家荡产也难以负担一线城市的住房。而靠自己的固定工资，年轻人要等多久才能买上房呢？根据DT财经的数据，按照城市平均可支配收入以及二手房均价来算，想要全款买一套80平、两室一厅的刚需房，在国内房价最高的深圳要不吃不喝做上115年的工，在北京、厦门和上海，则分别需要71年、68年和65年。 In the past, young people were able to take parental support to establish their homes, but they managed to catch up with the rise in housing prices. More job opportunities attracted young people to the second-line cities, and families in the third- and fourth-line cities could not afford first-line housing even if they had lost their property. On their own fixed wages, how long do young people wait to buy a house? According to DT finance statistics, it would take 71, 68 and 65 years in Beijing, Xiamen and Shanghai, respectively, to buy a flat full of 80 flats, two flats and one room at the same price. 工资不再能带来安全感和满足感，投资理财便成为了一种出路。尽管经验丰富的投资人一再强调，基金长期持有才能获得收益，应用闲钱进行投资理财，还是有人怀着“搏一搏，单车变摩托”的心情，瞄准每一个可能的机会，将全部家当投入其中。有基民在接受腾讯新闻谷雨实验室采访时，反复提到的一句话便是，“生活留给我的选择并不多。” Wages no longer provide a sense of security and satisfaction, and investment in finance is a way out. Although experienced investors have repeatedly stressed that long-term holdings of funds can yield returns and use idle money to invest in finance, there is a sense of “one-stop, one-car to one” that targets every possible opportunity and invests the entire household. 与此同时，众多社交软件的出现，让年轻人们可以抱团取暖、相互分享，但也无形之中形成了一种同侪压力。也许原本身边只有收入相同、处境相似的朋友，还能安慰自己只要足够努力、足够耐心，有朝一日总能实现理想的生活，可是现在打开手机却随处可见“你的同龄人，正在抛弃你”。靠投资理财买车买房、实现财富自由的人本来只是少数，却因为互联网的群聚效应同时出现在你的眼前，逼着你投资、理财、搞钱、努力。 At the same time, the emergence of social software allows young people to warm up and share with each other, but it also creates an invisible peer pressure. Perhaps there were friends with the same income and a similar situation, who comforted themselves with enough effort, patience, and one day to live the life they wanted, but now it is everywhere that "your peers, who are abandoning you" are opening their phones. Those who buy their houses by investing in money and are free of wealth were only a few, but because of the conglomerate effect of the Internet at the same time, forcing you to invest, finance, make money, work. 03 渴望财富， longs for wealth, 并不是因为爱钱的缘故 is not for love of money 在拼命搞钱的同时，这批年轻人却似乎又比任何人都清楚，金钱只能是工具，而远非目的。 At the same time, the young people seem to know better than anyone that money is a tool and far from the end. 在豆瓣“女性理财投资第1组”的小组介绍中，组长引用了美国投资家查理·芒格的一句话：“走到人生的某一个阶段时，我决心要成为一个富有之人。这并不是因为爱钱的缘故，而是为了追求那种独立自主的感觉。我喜欢能够自由地说出自己的想法，而不是受到他人意志的左右。” In his presentation to the Panel on Female Financial Investment Group 1, the team leader cited the words of American investor Charlie Munger: "I am determined to be a rich man when I come to a certain stage of my life. It's not because I love money, it's because I want to be independent. I like to be free to say what I think, not to be influenced by the will of others." 《穷查理宝典》（珍藏版）， [美] 查理·芒格著， 李继宏译，中信大方 | 中信出版社，2017年3月。 Poor Charlie's Treasure Book, [American] by Charlie Munger, Lee Ji-hoon, Chinese-Sin-Hung, Chinese-Sun Press, March 2017. 对于一部分年轻人而言，追求财富也许并未为了香车宝马、锦衣玉食，而是为了它所带来的独立与自由，自主与自足。而沉迷理财与储蓄，不仅出于对当下充满不确定性的生活的不安，也由于对高强度、快节奏的螺丝钉式工作的不满。 For some young people, the pursuit of wealth may not be for the sake of the car’s BMW, but rather for the independence, freedom, autonomy, and self-sufficiency that it brings. The obsession with wealth and savings is due not only to the uncertainty of life at hand, but also to dissatisfaction with high-strength, fast-paced screw jobs. 所以在2020年，我们听到了28岁退休的程序员郭宇的故事。原本就读于行政管理专业的郭宇在本科期间半路出家，自学代码，在毕业后成为一名程序员，通过辗转几家互联网公司，积累了一定的财富。他在接受《人物》采访时，反复提到自己因为贫寒的家境，从小“没有选择”，无法选择拒绝转学，无法选择成为职业作家。但在完成财富积累之后，他有了选择的底气，辞职来到日本经营一家温泉旅馆，并在闲暇时刻重拾写作。他说，“一系列的幸运给我带来的财富，让我又一次来到了人生的原点，只不过，这一次我可以选择。” So, in 2020, we heard the story of Guo Woo, a 28-year-old retired programmer. Guo, who was in the administrative profession, went out half-way during Benc, studied his own code, became a programmer after graduation, and accumulated some wealth by turning over to a few Internet companies. In an interview with The Man, he repeatedly mentioned that he had been a poor family, “no choice”, he could not choose to refuse to transfer to school, he could not choose to become a professional writer. But after he had completed the accumulation of wealth, he had the choice to resign to run a hot spring hotel in Japan and to rewrite it during his leisure time. He said, “A series of fortunes brought me back to the point of my life, but this time I had the choice.” 郭宇并不是个例，这种“财务独立，提前退休”的生活方式被简称为“FIRE（Financial Independence, Retire Early）”，并成为新一代的潮流。在美国，这一运动的核心法则是“降低物欲、过极简的生活”，但在中国，年轻人们的方式则是一方面给生活做减法、一方面给资产做加法，也就是前文所提的“开源节流”。 Guo is not an example of this “financial independence, early retirement” way of life, which is called the FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) and has become a new generation. In the United States, the core law of this movement is to “reduce lust and lead an extremely simple life.” But in China, young people do so in ways that reduce life and add to assets, which is the “open source flow” mentioned earlier. 所谓“退休”，也并非彻底放弃工作，在家中“混吃等死”，而是鼓起勇气辞去996、007、看不到工作意义、只消耗人生精力的职业，选择一份自己真正热爱、享受并愿意投身其中的事业。这份事业可能没有固定、高薪的回报，但是有了理财储蓄带来的安全感，年轻人可以没有后顾之忧。 The so-called “retirement” is not a complete abandonment of work and a “diplomatic death” at home. Rather, it is the courage to resign from the 996 or 007 jobs that do not see the meaning of work, and that only consumes life’s energy, choosing a career in which you truly love, enjoy, and are willing to take part. 今年，获金球奖最佳影片的《无依之地》，让更多中国观众认识到了“游牧”这一生活方式。影片主角费恩，在年过六旬之际受金融危机的影响失去了丈夫、工作和住房之后，她把厢式货车改装成了住所，装上全部家当，开始了一边打零工、一边游历美国的公路生活。生活虽然艰苦，却也充满亲近自然的喜悦美好、与陌生人相遇相识的惊喜感动。 This year, the best video of the Golden Ball Award, "Les of Innocence", made more Chinese viewers aware of the "nomadic" way of life. After losing her husband, work, and housing in the wake of the financial crisis in early six years, the film’s main actor, Finn, changed the van into a home, installed her entire household, and started her life as a casual worker and a road trip to the United States. 电影《无依之地》剧照。 A picture of the film "Les d'Affaires ". 影片中几句台词对我们传统按部就班的工作方式提出了质疑：“我们不仅接受了市场的暴政，还欣然拥抱了它，套上暴政的枷锁度过一生。这让我想到了心甘情愿工作到死的驮马，最终被放逐到草原……”所以这群人选择摒弃“做牛做马、工作到死”，回到自然寻找由自己掌控生命的生活方式。 A few lines in the film question our traditional modus operandi: “We have not only accepted the tyranny of the market, we have embraced it, and we have embraced it for a lifetime. It reminds me of the horse that has been willing to work until death, and has been banished to the grasslands...” So the group chose to abandon the idea of “cowing, working until death”, and to return to nature to find a way of life in which they control their lives. 这部电影改编自美国获奖记者杰西卡·布鲁德的同名纪实文学，如今，参与这种游牧方式的人群在美国已经过万。 The film has been adapted from the same classic literature of the United States-winning journalist Jessica Broud, who now has tens of thousands of people involved in this nomadic approach in the United States. 而对于年轻人，互联网的发展和工作形态的多样化，为他们的游牧生活提供了更多可能性。设计师、撰稿人、摄影师，这些职业都不依托于固定的工作场所、也不受限于特定的城市，只要一台电脑、一根网线便随时可以办公。于是，数字游牧民（Digital Nomad）这一群体应运而生，他们可以居无定所、闯荡世界，也可以自力更生、创造价值。生活，不再是钢筋水泥写字楼里一寸小小的天地。 For young people, the development of the Internet and the diversity of work patterns offer more possibilities for nomadic life. Designers, writers, and photographers, these occupations are not dependent on fixed workplaces, nor are they restricted to specific cities, where one computer and one web line are readily available. 曾有人断言，财富自由是个伪命题，因为人的欲望绝难餍足，只会随着收入水涨船高。但对于这届年轻人而言，财富自由却是根据自身需求制定、触手可及的目标，它甚至不是生活的终点，只是新生活的起点，在它之后，生活才打开了无限可能。 It has been asserted that freedom of wealth is a hypocritical issue, because the desire of a human being can only rise as income rises. But for this young man, freedom of wealth is a goal that is designed and accessible according to his own needs, and it is not even the end of life, but the beginning of a new life, after which life opens up infinite possibilities. 本文为独家原创内容。 作者： 肖舒妍； 编辑： 青青子； 校对：柳宝庆 。 未经新京报书面授权不得转载，欢迎转发至朋友圈。 This post is an original and exclusive text by Xiao Shuyan, editor, Qing Qing Xiao, and proofreading: Yoo Baoqing. It is not reprinted without written authorization from the New Kyoto newspaper and is welcome to be forwarded to the circle of friends.
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