一家网站上“狗币”与“人民币”的兑价图
山寨币QQ群截图
自比特币被热炒之后，一些类似比特币的新币种被玩家称为“山寨币”。这些山寨币的涨跌也常跟比特币挂钩。国内外的山寨币加起来，热门的就达30余种。
Since Bitcoin was fired, some of the new bitcoin-like coins have been referred to by players as “shelter coins.” The ups and downs of these mounds are often tied to bitcoins. Together, there are more than 30 hot ones, both domestic and foreign.
由于其运作类型类似比特币，这些新币被圈内玩家称为“山寨币”。它们的名称也很“山寨”，有“狗币”、“屌丝币”等。任何人只要有一定的启动资金，就可以搭建一个交易平台网站。当平台的资金链断裂了，就会导致平台团队跑路或者不给玩家兑现提钱等情况发生。
Because of its type of operation similar to bitcoin, these coins are referred to by insiders as “shelter coins.” They are also called “shelts” with “dog coins” and “crickets” and so on. Anyone with some kind of start-up money can set up a trading platform website. When the platform’s financial chain breaks, they can lead to a platform team running or not cashing money to players.
目前，国内外的山寨币加起来，热门的就达到了30余种，这个数字永远无法具体化，因为随时会有新币种出现以及一些旧的币种停止交易。
At present, the combination of domestic and foreign bounties brings the number to more than 30, a figure that can never be concretized because of the emergence of new currencies at any time and the cessation of transactions in some of the old ones.
随着五部委发布《关于防范比特币风险的通知》，目前淘宝网、百度、果壳等第三方支付机构纷纷表示不再允许比特币等虚拟货币的交易。
With the issuance of the Bitcoin Risk Protection Notice by the five ministries, third-party payment agencies such as the Treasurenet, Pepsi and shell have now indicated that they will no longer allow transactions in virtual currency such as Bitcoin.
但仍有很多玩家热衷于炒币。由于山寨币相对便宜，还可以跟比特币兑换，很多人都是比特币和几款山寨币一起炒。一位玩家说，来炒币的什么人都有，但大都是在投机。国外的一款较著名的山寨币“夸克币”，涨幅就曾达到近300%。
But there are still a lot of players who are keen to squeez. Because of the relatively cheapness of the mountain coins, they can be exchanged with bitcoin, many of them with bitcoin and a few squirts. One player says that everyone who comes to squirts, but most of them are speculators. One of the more famous mountain coins abroad, the Quarke, has risen by nearly 300 per cent.
在讨论虚拟货币的200多个QQ群中，很多群的人数都达到了上限的1000人。百度的比特币贴吧和山寨币贴吧分别有活跃用户65万人和1万人。
Of the more than 200 groups of QQ in which virtual currency is discussed, many have reached the cap of 1,000.
圈内如今也已经形成了有固定术语的文化，“挖矿”、“矿工”、“搬砖”等分别有着各自的含义。由于虚拟货币从游戏衍生而来，这些炒币者被统称为“玩家”。
There is now a culture of fixed terminology in the circle, where the terms “mining”, “miners” and “carbing” have their own meanings. As virtual money is derived from the game, these coffers are collectively referred to as “players”.
投入几万升级设备
invests tens of thousands of upgrades
“跌了，要哭了！”当名为“大便”的一款虚拟货币从0.2元跌到0.00002元时，一位玩家对着显示各种币种涨幅的交易界面直捶键盘。
When a virtual currency called "Poo" fell from 0.2 to 0.00002, a player pointed a straight keyboard at a transaction interface that showed increases in various currencies.
这是一种类似于比特币的虚拟货币。由于这类货币是数字化产物，想创造出新币的成本较低，一位业内人士称，开发一款新币只需要对比特币的客户端代码参数进行一些修改。也因此，这类新虚拟货币被称为“山寨币”。
This is a virtual currency similar to Bitcoin. Because such currencies are digital products, they are less costly to create, and one industrialist claims that the development of a new currency requires only some modifications in the customer code parameters of a bitcoin.
在一位玩家看来，山寨币的名字听着也挺山寨，有“狗币”、“无限币”、“屌丝币”和“元宝币”等。这些山寨币大幅度的涨跌，恰恰是获利的机会所在。
In the view of one player, the names of the mountain coins, like "dog coins," "infinite coins", "cool silk coins" and "infinity coins," are quite a chance for profit. These mountain coins are rising and falling.
虚拟货币的本质是一串数据，因此最简单的炒币方式就是“挖矿”。首先，玩家需要配备高性能的计算机，并根据特定虚拟货币的算法，对一组随机数字进行解密。在与其他人竞争并成功为网络提供特定的数字后，该网络就会为这组特定的数字给矿工一定数量的虚拟货币。这种自己开发货币的玩家被称作“矿工”，而特定的挖矿数字区域被称为“矿池”。
The essence of virtual money is a string of data, so the simplest way to bargain is “mining”. First, players need to be equipped with high-performance computers and decrypt a random set of numbers based on the algorithms of particular virtual currencies. When competing with others and successfully providing the network with specific numbers, the network gives a certain amount of virtual money to the miners for this particular set of figures. Such self-exploiting money players are called “miners”, while specific mining digital areas are referred to as “miners”.
这对计算机的各种设备有很高的要求，而矿工们为了能更快更多地挖矿，有人会配备三四台计算机同时工作，更不用说每隔一段时间就要花费在设备升级上的花销。总之，矿工为炒币投入几万都很正常。
This is very demanding for all kinds of equipment for computers, and in order to be able to dig more and more quickly, miners will be equipped with three or four computers working at the same time, not to mention spending every other time on equipment upgrades. In short, it's normal for miners to invest tens of thousands of dollars in coins.
此外，北青报记者发现，挖矿的过程将导致计算机以大功率持续工作，高额的电费也成了一项成本被计算在内。
In addition, BJP journalists found that the mining process would result in computers continuing to work at a high capacity and high electricity costs being included as a cost.
据中关村在线等专业评测网站的数据显示，以挖掘人数最多的比特币为例，每获得1个比特币，不同显卡的计算机需要花费100至240元左右的电费。
According to data from professional evaluation sites such as Nakamura Online, the highest number of diggers in bitcoin is the case of computers with different cards that cost between $100 and $240 per bitcoin.
禁令之下炒币人仍不放手
1月7日，淘宝发布公告称，禁止销售比特币以及山寨币等虚拟货币，同时被禁止销售的还有挖矿教程以及挖矿机等挖矿装备。此前，百度、果壳电子等也已经宣布停止比特币的支付，原因是虚拟货币的价值变动幅度太大，无法保护用户的利益。
On 7 January, the Treasures announced a ban on the sale of virtual currency such as bitcoins and bogus coins, as well as mining equipment such as mining tutors and diggers. Prior to that, hundreds, shell electronics, etc., had announced the cessation of payment of bitcoins because the value of virtual money changed too widely to protect the interests of users.
这一消息发布后，引起了很多玩家的讨论。有人表示理解，“禁虚拟币也正常吧，跌了那么多。”
After the news came out, there was a lot of discussion among the players. It was understood that "The ban on virtual currency is normal and so much has fallen."
在淘宝发布公告后，北青报记者发现，各种山寨币的新矿池地址被公布在群里，“资深矿池研发人员搭建，稳定性一流”等广告语不时出现。
In the wake of the Treasures announcement, a newspaper reporter found that new pond addresses of various bounties had been published in the crowd, with ads such as “Senior Mineral Researchers, Stability First” appearing from time to time.
去年12月5日，中国人民银行等五部委发布的《关于防范比特币风险的通知》表示，比特币不具有与货币等同的法律地位，不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。
On 5 December last year, the Circular on Protection against the Risk of Bitcoin, issued by five ministries, including the People's Bank of China, stated that bitcoin did not have the same legal status as a currency and could not and should not be used as a currency in the market.
“该炒的人还是会炒，之前五部委发布通知后导致跌了，现在还不是又升回来了。”有的玩家说，正规渠道难买挖矿工具并不会阻止玩家不买，因为已经投入的人不会因此放手。
“The people who are fired will still be fired, and the previous circular issued by the five ministries has led to a fall and is now back.” Some players say that the difficulty of buying mining tools through formal channels will not prevent the players from not buying, because the people who have invested will not let go.
陷阱一
trap one >/strong
交易平台延迟成交 已成圈内潜规则
不同于挖矿式“印钱”方式，直接从各个交易平台上购买货币也是一种炒币的方式，操作也很简单。不同的币种在不同交易平台的标价也各不相同。这些货币有的可以直接跟人民币兑换，有的则只能兑换成其他虚拟币。玩家会随时关注各个平台中各个币种的行情，并将多种币在平台间买入卖出以赚得差价，这种做法被称为搬砖。在搬砖的过程中，交易平台对交易成交时间的延迟困扰着很多人，由此引发的投诉经常发生。而延迟成交，平台总有很多理由，比如大量玩家登录平台导致成交确认慢、服务器迁移、系统维护等等。
Unlike the mining "printing" method, buying money directly from various trading platforms is also a way of selling currency, and it is simple to operate. The price of different currencies varies from one trading platform to another. Some of these currencies can be exchanged directly with the renminbi, while others can only be converted into other virtual currency.
“我怀疑他们的动机。”一个资深搬砖工说，自己经常会在4个左右的平台之间来回换币，但在搬砖时，充进来的币有时候要两三天后才会被确认，确认之时，刚好是价格回落到之前水平的时候。
"I doubt their motives." A senior brick mover said that he often swaps money between four or so platforms, but when moving bricks, the money that comes in sometimes takes two or three days to be confirmed, just when the price falls to its previous level.
日前，某交易平台的一个“前工作人员”爆料称，他推销的一款虚拟币，公司掌握了其数量的90%，本身一文不值。这时，他们会在别的交易平台挂高价用比特币买进这款山寨币，同时在自己的平台挂低价卖出，很多搬砖工便会从自己的平台买入这款听都没听过的币去套利。如果买入的量少，平台就让他们吃点甜头。当被人大量买进再提币转平台时，自己的平台则会延迟成交时间，同时在这期间用另一个账号将挂出高价单的那个平台上的该款币买走。这样，搬砖工的山寨币只能选择别的低价收购单。于是，自己的平台就以一文不值的一款货币换得了玩家手中的比特币甚至现金。
Today, a “former staff member” of a trading platform says that he sells a virtual currency, 90% of which the company owns and is worthless. At that point, they buy it in bitcoin at a higher price on another trading platform, while selling it at a lower price on their own platform, and many move bricks buy it out of their own platform. If they buy less, the platform gives them dessert. When people buy it in bulk, their own platform delays the transaction and buys the money on the platform where the price is higher in another account number.
陷阱二
trap two >/strong
平台若资金链断 玩家可能提不出钱
If the strong platform breaks down, the player may not be able to raise the money.
玩家小吴称山寨币的市场类似于“地下钱庄”，水很深。币的涨跌完全看庄家操纵，“不仅如此，赔了，是你自己的事；而就算赚了，也不一定能提钱走。交易平台的人也不跑路，但就是不给你提钱，你也可以充钱，再输回去，但赢了走不了。”
Player Wu says that the market for the bounties is similar to the "underground money," and the water is deep. The rise and fall of the coin depends entirely on the dealer's manipulation, “not only that, it's your own business, it's your business; even if it's your business, it doesn't have to take the money away. The people in the trading platform don't run, but you can do it without the money, and you can do it again, but you can't win.”
昨日，一个交易平台贴出通知：“因技术维护，虚拟币提取暂停，感谢您的谅解和支持。”大量炒币者投入的资金被套在平台。
Yesterday, a trading platform posted a notice: “The virtual currency withdrawal has been suspended for technical maintenance, thanks for your understanding and support.” A large amount of money invested by the bankers has been placed on the platform.
此举招来一堆谩骂，无数玩家试图打客服电话讨说法。这在小吴看来并不是新鲜事。他说，“有时候交易平台还会说是网站受到攻击，黑客把用户账号内的钱全弄走了。什么理由都有，总之就是你的币没了或者有币却提不出钱。”
There was a lot of verbal abuse, and countless players tried to make phone calls. This wasn't new to Wu. He said, "Sometimes, the trading platform says the website was attacked, and hackers took all the money out of the account. Whatever the reason, you lost your currency or you had it, but you couldn't raise it."
一位业内人士透露，交易平台是庄家或者某团队搭建的，只要有启动资金、会做网站，就能建平台。交易平台的团队要盈利，这就需要玩家不断向平台内注入人民币资金，由于老玩家赔了钱后会离开，当新玩家数量在短时间内还没达到一定水平时，交易平台的资金链就断裂了，这就是一些平台团队跑路或者不给玩家兑现提钱的原因。
An insider has revealed that a trading platform is built by a dealer or a team that can build a platform if it has start-up funds and a website. To be profitable, a trading platform’s team requires a constant injection of renminbi funds into the platform by the player, and when the old player loses money, the trading platform’s financial chain breaks when the number of new players is not at a certain level in a short period of time, which is why some of the platform’s teams are running or not cashing the money to the player.
声音
Sounds
没有实用价值 投资者慎入
has no practical value and investors are careful to enter
业内人士称，通俗地讲，挖矿相当于发行货币，搬砖相当于炒外汇。但正常货币以国家信用和国家综合实力特别是黄金储备为基础和后盾，而虚拟货币基于“算法”和圈内人互相的信用，如果得不到认可，其本身没有什么价值。
According to industry sources, mining is generally the equivalent of issuing money and moving bricks is the equivalent of scalding foreign currency. But normal currencies are based on and backed by national credit and combined national power, especially gold reserves, while virtual currencies are based on “arithmetic” and the mutual credit of insiders, and have little value in themselves if they are not recognized.
在一个较大的交易平台“比特儿”网上，平台团队贴出了《比特币入门与投资宝典》，其中介绍道， “比特币之所以有价值，是因为许多人接受比特币为一种支付手段……但未有国家对此作出法律上的任何保障。”
On a larger trading platform, Bittel, the platform team posted the Bitcoin Introduction and Investment Book, which describes that “bitcoin is valuable because many people accept Bitcoin as a means of payment... without any legal guarantee by the State”.
“没有太多实用价值。”中央财经大学金融法研究所所长黄震此前对比特币等虚拟货币这样评价。他建议普通投资者可以对此持观望态度，并评价比特币“根本不是货币”，没有太多的实用价值。而比特币价格的上涨，很可能被庄家操纵，有些人前期囤积变现，趁高点出货。
He suggested that ordinary investors could look at it and evaluate Bitcoin’s “no currency at all” – not much of a practical value. And the price increase in Bitcoin is likely to be manipulated by the estate, with some people hoarding up and making up their goods at a higher price.
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