“倒卖USDT赚差价”，属变相买卖外汇罪！冲击人民币与国家外汇储备！ 近日，广东省高级人民法院通过官方微信公众号发布警告称，有被告人用现金以低于平台价格，收购币圈散户USDT美元稳定币，再按...
资讯 2024-06-25 阅读:46 评论:0
近日，广东省高级人民法院通过官方微信公众号发布警告称，有被告人用现金以低于平台价格，收购币圈散户USDT美元稳定币，再按美元当天汇率转卖，赚取中间差价并从中获利，此举如同变相买卖外汇，这将冲击人民币与国家外汇储备，已构成非法经营罪，最高将判处5年以上有期徒刑。
In recent days, the Guangdong Provincial High People's Court issued a warning through an official micro-letter to the public that the accused had used cash to lower the price of the platform, to buy the USDT dollar to stabilize the currency, to resell it at the United States dollar's current rate of exchange, to earn an intermediate price and to profit from it, as was the case with foreign exchange sales, which would shock the renminbi and the foreign exchange reserves of the State and constitute an offence of illegal operations, with a maximum penalty of up to five years'imprisonment.
稳定币是加密行业重要的基础设施之一，它通过锚定某个现实国家的法定货币来实现币值的稳定，普通用户将其作为重要的储值与支付手段，Web3机构则将其作为营运工具，丰富的需求创造了蓬勃的稳定币市场。
Stable currency is one of the key infrastructure of the encryption industry, which stabilizes the value of the currency by anchoring the legal tender of a real country, using it as an important storage and payment tool for ordinary users, and Web3 as an operational tool, with a rich demand that creates a vibrant stable currency market.
然而随着加密生态在过去若干年的快速发展，稳定币也越来越多地被用于各类风险活动,为网络赌博、网络黑灰产、洗钱等活动提供了更为隐蔽与便捷的价值转移方式。
However, with the rapid development of encryption ecology over the past few years, stable currencies have increasingly been used for various types of risk-taking activities, providing more covert and easy transfer of value for activities such as Internet gambling, Internet black ash production, money-laundering, etc.
USDT洗钱方式
USDT money laundering
「跑分」是不法分子对洗钱活动的代称，这类活动的目的是将高风险用户的支付转移到低风险用户的账户中进行支付，从而规避支付机构的风险管控措施。传统的跑分利用银行、微信、支付宝等个人账户对涉案资金进行转移、拆分、取现，而近年来，加密货币——尤其是稳定币——则成为新的跑分工具。
The objective of "runs" is to transfer payments from high-risk users to low-risk users' accounts, thereby circumventing the risk controls of payment agencies. Traditional runs use personal accounts such as banks, micro-mails, payment treasures, etc. for the transfer, splitting, and taking away of the funds involved, while in recent years crypto-currency, especially stable currency, has become a new running tool.
通常的模式是，跑分平台招募各类人员注册加密货币交易平台账户并绑定自己的银行卡，允许跑分人员在平台接单，去交易所的OTC板块以市场价格购买特定数量的USDT，并以更高的价格回收给跑分平台，其中的差价便是跑分人员的收益。实际上跑分平台回收USDT的资金是涉案资金，通过这种方式，跑分平台不需要亲自经手法币便能够将资金洗白。
The usual model is to recruit all categories of personnel to register the account of the currency trading platform and to bind their own bank cards, to allow runners to pick up the bill at the platform, to buy a certain amount of USDT at the market price from the OTC section of the exchange, and to recover it at a higher price, the difference being the benefit of the runners. In practice, running a branch platform recovers the funds from the USDT, in which way it can launder the money without having to do so in person.
而跑分平台的利润则来源于更上游环节的派单，包括网赌、黑灰产、洗钱等活动，其中不同风险类别的涉案资金佣金费率不同，例如博彩资金被视为较低风险资金，因而佣金较低，欺诈资金则往往被视为高风险，佣金较高，甚至有部分跑分平台拒收。
The profits of the branching platform, on the other hand, are derived from more upstream schemes, including net bets, black ash products, money-laundering, among which different rates of commission fees for funds involved in different risk categories, such as the low level of commission for gambling funds, which are regarded as lower risk funds, and the high level of risk for fraudulent funds, and the higher level of commission, or even partial rejection of branch platforms.
佣金的不同便直接反映在USDT交易的汇率上，更高风险的资金意味着更高的价格上浮，在案件调查实践中，我们不难遇到8元甚至10元人民币以上价格的非法USDT交易。
The difference in commissions is directly reflected in the exchange rate of USDT transactions, and higher-risk funds mean higher prices are floating. In case practice, we have encountered illegal USDT transactions at more than RMB8 or RMB10.
非法代付和黑灰产
Illegal submissive payments and black ash production
目前为止，绝大部分以「黑U搬砖」、「黑/白资收U」为理由的各类低价USDT交易都是欺诈活动。虽然执法部门对此严厉打击，但仍存在相当多的低于市场汇率的黑灰USDT交易场景，以违法代付平台为例。某些代付平台接受USDT充值，并使用法币资金帮助用户在其他平台进行支付，包括网赌平台上分、资金盘会员资金结算、直播平台刷礼物、电商平台刷单甚至给员工发放工资等。
So far, the vast majority of low-value USDT transactions on the grounds of "black U-carbing" and "black/white U" are fraudulent activities. While law enforcement departments have hit hard, there are still quite a few black ash USDT trading scenes that are below the market exchange rate, for example, in the case of illegal sub-optimal platforms.
代付平台不会对用户的USDT来源做辨别，也不会有完善的KYC机制，因而涌入大量风险资金，这也是为什么部分案件的加密地址手续费来源与非法所得去向，在链上都显示为网赌平台关联地址。利用这种几乎匿名的交易方式变现，黑灰产从业者无须注册中心化的合规加密货币交易平台账户，极大降低被「冻结」的可能。
The surrogate platform does not identify the user's USDT source, nor does it have a well-developed KYC mechanism, thereby infusing a significant amount of risk money. That is why the source of the encryption address fee in some cases is the destination of illegal proceeds, and it is shown on the chain as a netting platform connection address.
案件调查实践显示，这类非法代付活动的USDT往往会相对市场汇率下浮0.05元到0.3元之间，具体下浮程度则取决于代付平台的法币资金来源，与用户的资金规模。
Case-investigation practice shows that such illicit surrogate activities tend to fluctuate between $0.05 and $0.03 relative to the market exchange rate, depending on the source of funds in French for the proxy platform and the size of the funds of the user.
上述两个风险场景表明，以稳定币为主的加密货币正在被洗钱团伙所恶意利用，不法分子为了规避来自中心化交易平台与执法部门的制裁，会通过不法实体的加密地址对资金进行混淆，或利用场外交易对资金分析链路进行阻断，大幅度偏离市场汇率的USDT非法交易是其典型特征。
The two risk scenarios described above suggest that the encoded currency, dominated by the stable currency, is being used maliciously by money-laundering groups and that illicit elements, in order to circumvent sanctions from centralized trading platforms and law enforcement agencies, may confuse funds through encrypted addresses of illicit entities, or use off-site transactions to block the financial analysis chain, which are typical of illicit transactions that deviate significantly from market exchange rates.
总结
Summary
总之，稳定币其滥用现象给行业带来了严重的负面影响，为了保护加密行业的发展和用户的权益，各方应共同努力，加强监管与合规措施，提高稳定币的安全性和透明度。只有通过合作与创新，才能确保稳定币在加密行业中发挥积极的作用，为数字资产市场的稳定和可持续发展做出贡献。
In short, stabilizing the currency and its abuse have a serious negative impact on the industry, and in order to protect the development of the encryption industry and the interests of its users, all parties should work together to strengthen regulatory and compliance measures and improve the security and transparency of the currency. Only through cooperation and innovation can stability be ensured and the currency played a positive role in the encryption industry, contributing to the stability and sustainable development of the digital asset market.
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