OK区块链60讲｜第4讲：区块链的运行原理

　　在具体说这个原理之前，要先了解这样一个东西：我们之前曾说过，区块链是一个数据库，但是它跟常见数据库有所不同的地方在于，它是分布式的数据库。

Before this principle is specified, it should be understood that, as we have said before, the block chain is a database, but what is different from a common database is that it is a distributed database.

　　假如我们把数据库比作是一个账本的话，那一般的数据库就相当于是一个账本，并且只有创建者，也就是中心化的公司才能在这个账本上进行记账。而区块链就相当于是多个账本，除了创始人有一个账本以外，只要有人想要参与进来，就可以获得账本，而且每个人的账本地位相同，都能完整地记录全部数据，彼此独立。

If we compare the database to a book of accounts, the usual database would be a book of accounts, and only the creator, a centralized company, would be able to account for it. The chain of blocks would be a multiplicity of books, with the exception of the founder’s account book, which would be available to anyone who wanted to be involved, and each person’s account book would be in the same position and would be able to record all the data in its entirety and be independent of each other.

　　了解这一点后，就可以讲区块链的原理了。区块链的原理是这样的：当一笔交易数据产生以后，按照正常的数据库流程来说，中心化的公司会直接处理这些数据，然后验证、保护等全部都由这个公司来维护。这样数据的记录、处理都是一家说了算，很容易造成数据的不透明。

When you understand this, you can talk about the rationale of the block chain. The rationale of the block chain is as follows: when a transaction data is generated, a centralized company, according to the normal database process, will process the data directly and then verify, protect, etc., all of which is maintained by the company. The recording and processing of the data is done by the individual, making it easy for the data to be opaque.

　　而区块链中，则不再是单独的一家去维护数据，人人（包括用户）都可以参与进来，除了中心化的公司有一个数据库之外，每个人都会有一个数据库，每个人的数据库彼此相独立、地位等同，都能按照块链式结构存储完整的数据。

In the block chain, on the other hand, data are no longer maintained in isolation, with the participation of everyone (including users) and, in addition to a centralized company with a database, each has a database that is independent and of the same status as each other and can store complete data according to a chain structure.

　　当一笔数据产生以后，每个参与的人，就可以处理这个数据，然后把处理好的数据，发送给其他的每一个人进行确认，当其他大部分的参与者认为，这个数据是真实可信，处理的没问题，可以达成共识的时候，就会把这个数据记录下来，最后同步到每个人的数据库中。

When a piece of data is generated, each participant can process the data and then send the processed data to everyone else for confirmation, and when most of the other participants believe that the data is genuine and credible, that the process is workable and that consensus can be reached, the data is recorded and then synchronized to everyone's database.

　　这样原理的优势有三点，第一、分散了权力，保证了数据处理的公正性，没有任何一个人可以单独地记录数据，避免了单一记录者被操控或者恶意记假账的情况；第二、解决了数据的信任问题，因为数据会记录在多个数据库中，一旦有人更改了数据库的数据，很容易就会被发现，从而使数据更加透明；第三、降低了网络的安全风险，因为是多数据库并存，理论上讲除非所有的节点被破坏，否则账目就不会丢失，从而保证了账目数据的安全性。

There are three advantages to such a doctrine: first, it is decentralized and ensures the fairness of data processing, and no one can record data alone, avoiding manipulation or malfeasance of a single recorder; second, it resolves the question of trust in data, since data can be recorded in multiple databases and easily discovered once data from databases have been changed, thus making the data more transparent; and third, it reduces the security risks of the network because multiple databases exist and, theoretically, the accounts will not be lost unless all the nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounts data.

　　总的来说，区块链运行原理，就是一个大家共同记账，互相验证，达成共识的过程。在今天这样一个数据爆炸，又信任缺失的时代，希望区块链可以成为我们头上的一缕阳光，解决这些问题，照亮未来数字发展的方向。

In general, the principle of block chain operations is a process of mutual accounting, mutual validation, and consensus. In an era of data explosion and trust in the missing, it is hoped that block chains will serve as a ray of light on our heads to solve these problems and light up the direction of future digital development.

　　感谢黄连金老师对本集内容的帮助和指导。

Thank you, Mr. Wong, for your help and guidance on the content of this collection.

　　系列科普动画《OK区块链60讲》

series of science-based animations, "OK Block Chain 60"

　　《OK区块链60讲》是由OKEx＆新浪科技联合出品的区块链科普动画视频，针对区块链零基础用户，通过系列文章、科普动画等形式，从概念、技术、应用等角度，通过5大板块，60个知识点，生动形象地科普区块链概念。本集课程内容由中国电子学会区块链分会专家委员黄连金老师指导完成。

The " Ok Block Chain 60 " is an animation video of the block chain co-produced by OKEx&Snap Technologies, aimed at the zero-base users of the block chain, through a series of articles, science-based animations, and from a conceptual, technical and practical point of view, through five large blocks, 60 knowledge points, and a vividly visualized concept of the block chain. The content of the course was guided by Mr. Huang Lianjin, an expert member of the China Electronics Institute's block chain section.