在以太坊DApp用户榜与Gas消耗榜上，一个名为Forsage（中文名为佛萨奇）的项目自年初以来长期占据榜单前三的位置，最高单日交易笔数超4万笔、活跃地址超2万，总参与地址超过110万，资金参与价值超3亿美金，今年经常在以太坊相关数据网站查看信息的投资者或许都看到过这个名字，再进一步了解或许能知道这是资金盘项目，但大多对Forsage如何运作、为何吸引到庞大用户群体不甚了解。
A project called Forsage (Chinese called Fossachi) has occupied the top three of the lists since the beginning of the year, with over 40,000 single-day transactions, over 20,000 active addresses, over 1.1 million total participants and over $300 million worth of financial participation. Investors who regularly view information on the relevant data site in Ether this year may have seen the name and become more aware of it, but most do not know how the Forsage works and why it attracts large user groups.
链捕手了解到，Forsage项目由据称为俄罗斯居民的Lado Okhotnikov于今年2月初发起，是一个使用以太坊智能合约运作的类金字塔模式项目，用户通过向智能合约支付一定ETH后加入该计划，并通过邀请更多用户向智能合约支付ETH获得佣金奖励，带有明显的传销性质，但其走红更关键的原因在于其中的双矩阵、奖励滑落等设计。
The chain catcher learned that the Forsage project, which was initiated by Lado Okhotnikov, allegedly a resident of Russia, was a pyramid-type project using an Ethio-Intelligent Contract, in which users joined the scheme by paying a certain amount of ETH to an intelligent contract and receiving a commission incentive by inviting more users to pay ETH to an intelligent contract, was clearly of a marketing nature, but the more critical reason for its redency was the design of two matrices, the fall of the reward, and so forth.
今年8、9月，Forsage项目开始大规模入华宣传，通过线下与线下等多种渠道诱导民众参与该项目，目前国内参与者预计超过3万，已经导致大量参与者遭受损失。
In August and September of this year, the Forsage project, which began its campaign on a massive scale to attract people to participate in the project through a variety of channels, both under and below the line, is now expected to reach more than 30,000 domestic participants, which has resulted in significant losses to the participants.
作者/龚荃宇
Author/Tian Woo
01
资金盘游戏的设计
Forsage的走红不仅仅在于将常见的多级分销网络搬到以太坊智能合约上，更在于充分利用智能合约的特性最大程度刺激参与者的心理弱点与参与热情。
Forsage is not only about moving common multi-level distribution networks to the Etherton smart contracts, but also about taking full advantage of the nature of smart contracts to maximize the psychological vulnerability and enthusiasm of participants.
根据各方面资料显示，用户参与Forsage项目首先需要打开来自上级推荐者的链接，并向Forsage智能合约支付0.05个ETH，该智能合约不沉淀任何资金，而是会将这部分资金分为两部分通过x3矩阵与x4矩阵自动转入上级或更上级推荐者的以太坊钱包，即各有0.025个ETH。
According to various sources, user participation in the Forsage project requires, first, the opening of links from superiors and the payment of 0.05 ETHs to the Forsage Smart Contract, which does not account for any funds but divides them into two parts that are automatically transferred through the x3 and x4 matrices to superiors or higher-level proponents, i.e., 0.025 ETHs each.
国内社区的宣传资料
Information materials for communities in the country
不同矩阵有不同的运作机制，x3矩阵的设计是每个用户ID下设有3个点位，即三个被推荐者位置，前两个被推荐者的0.025个ETH会直接转入推荐者钱包地址，第三个被推荐者的资金会自动转入其推荐者的更上一级推荐者用户地址。此后的推荐用户则会重复进行这个流程，即每发展两名下线的奖金归自己，每发展第三名下线的奖励归自己的上级。
There are different operating mechanisms for different matrices. The x3 matrix is designed to have three points under each user's ID, i.e. three references, 0.025 ETHs of the first two referrals will be transferred directly to the recommended person's wallet address, and the funds of the third recommendation will automatically be transferred to the higher recommended person's user address. After that, the recommended user will repeat the process, i.e., the two-down bonus for each development will be its own, and the reward for the third downline will be its own superior.
x4矩阵的设计是每个用户ID设有6个推荐者点位，前2个推荐者的0.025个ETH都会转入该用户上线推荐者的钱包地址，第3、4、5个推荐者的发展资金则归该用户，第6个推荐者的资金则会随机转入附近点位的用户钱包。
The x4 matrix is designed to have 6 references per user ID, with 0.025 ETHs of the first two referrals transferred to the wallet address of the user's recommendation person, with development funds for the third, fourth and fifth recommendationer transferred to the user's wallet.
The funds of the sixth recommendation are transferred randomly to the next location.
进入这个资金盘的门槛虽然是0.05ETH，但这两个矩阵分别还设有12个级别，门槛从0.05ETH、0.1ETH最高可至51.2ETH，每个级别的资金门槛都是前一级别的两倍，用户每投入一笔ETH都会按照前述机制转入更高级别推荐者钱包。
While the threshold for access to the facility is 0.05 ETH, each of the two matrices has 12 levels, from 0.05 ETH to a maximum of 0.1 ETH to 51.2 ETH, with a funding threshold of twice that of the previous level, and each user's input of ETH is transferred to a higher recommended person's wallet in accordance with the above-mentioned mechanism.
Forsage诱导用户投入更多ETH、提升矩阵级别的机制在于，如果某用户的矩阵级别低于其下线的级别，那么来自下线的奖励就会绕过该用户钱包，「滑落」至推荐层级更高、矩阵级别不低于该用户的上线钱包。
The mechanism for
举例而言，如果某用户只开通到0.5ETH级别的矩阵，如果其下线投入3.2个ETH开通更高级别矩阵，那么这名下线的资金分配会完全绕过该用户，从而产生类似加密货币交易领域的「FOMO」心理。
For example, if a user has only a matrix of 0.5 ETH level, and if 3.2 ETHs are invested in a higher-level matrix, then the distribution of funds from the bottom line will bypass the user completely, creating a "FOMO" mentality similar to that in the area of crypto-currency transactions.
在官网通过引人注目的数据刺激用户加入
Incentives for users to join
via high-profile data online
在这种情况下，Forsage用户在投入参与后的收益就可以来自两部分，一部分为所谓的动态收益，即源于自己直接推荐用户的奖励，需要投入大量精力拓展下线；另一部分则是所谓的静态收益，只要用户开通的矩阵级别够高并发展了一定数量的下线，那么就可能出现其下线在进一步发展下线时，出现矩阵级别低于更低下线的情况，那么就可以享受到这些下线的「滑落」收益。
In such cases, the benefits of the participation of the Forsage user can be derived from both so-called dynamic benefits, i.e. incentives derived from the direct referral of the user, which require considerable effort to expand the downlink, and from so-called static gains, which may be realized when the downline is further developed, as long as the matrix level opened by the user is high enough to develop a certain number of downlinks.
更具体而言，Forsage相比于过去的传销与资金盘项目，主要有以下几个特点：设有极低的资金门槛，声称「「几百即可参与国际项目」，后续再通过各种机制刺激投入；层级关系与收益高低没有直接关系，用户可以通过开通更高级别的矩阵提升自己「拦截」滑落奖励的可能；声称基于智能合约运行，不存在资金沉淀与崩盘风险。
More specifically, Forsage has the following characteristics in relation to past distribution and fundboard projects: has a very low funding threshold, stating that “a few hundred can participate in international projects”, followed by various mechanisms to stimulate inputs; hierarchical relationships are not directly related to the high or low returns, and users can enhance their ability to “stop” slip incentives by opening a higher-level matrix; and claims that there is no risk of financial sunking and crashing based on smart contracts.
从以上种种来看，Forsage完全具有金字塔骗局与资金盘的特征，参与者不直接创造任何价值，而是通过发展下线用户参与来获得收益，但对于市场拓展能力不强以及较后期的参与者不利，很可能出现收益低于投入的情况。
From all of the above,
尽管如此，由于Forsage相对新鲜的玩法机制，很快在部分地区流行起来，特别是今年5、6月份开始，该项目在菲律宾、印尼等经济相对落后地区引起大范围的传播与参与，大部分日期的活跃地址都超过1万个。
Nevertheless, because of the relatively new play mechanism of Forsage, it became popular in some parts of the country soon, particularly starting in May and June this year. The project has generated widespread dissemination and participation in areas of relative economic backwardness, such as the Philippines and Indonesia, with more than 10,000 active sites on most dates.
同时，这些营销活动的展开也极大地刺激了市场对ETH的购买需求，其6-8月爆发式的增长趋势与ETH今年年中的价格走势也呈现出一定的关联性。Primitive Ventures创始合伙人万卉就在推特表示，以太坊网络的许多活力都源于Forsage，「追踪使用加密货币的大型庞氏骗局一直是我最好的宏观策略」。
At the same time, the expansion of these marketing activities by
今年6月底，菲律宾证券交易委员会还针对该项目发布了警告，称由Lado Okhotnikov领导的、以Forsage名义经营的实体被发现在菲律宾从事未经委员会授权的投资活动，其计划清楚地表明了一种可能的庞氏骗局计划，新投资者的资金被用于向先前的投资者支付「假利润」，对该领域的后续成员不利，建议公众不要投资或停止投资该项目。
At the end of June this year, the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Philippines issued a warning on the project, stating that entities led by Lado Okhotnikov and operating under the name of Forsage had been found to be engaged in investment activities in the Philippines that were not authorized by the Commission, and that its plan clearly indicated a possible Ponzi scheme whereby funds from new investors were used to pay “false profits” to previous investors, to the detriment of its successors in the field, advising the public not to invest or to stop investing in the project.
链捕手在Ethereum浏览器随机对16个参与20天以上的以太坊地址进行了数据统计（可见下图），发现超过一半的地址处于亏损状态，同时多数盈利用户的绝对盈利金额并不高，呈现巨大的差距层级。
The chain catcher randomly counted 16 e-Taiwan addresses involved for more than 20 days on the Etherum browser (see below).
不过从9月初开始，Forsage在以太坊网络的各项数据呈现快速下滑的态势，大部分日期的活跃地址都在1000-2000之间。这一定程度上是由于该项目官方在波场推出了新版本Forsage，以减少以太坊网络过高Gas费对新用户的潜在影响，同时还推出了名为xGOLD的新玩法。
Since the beginning of September, however, Forsage has shown a rapid decline in data from the Etherms, most of which have a live address of between 1000 and 2000. This is due in part to the fact that the project officially launched a new version of the Forsage at the wave site to reduce the potential impact on new users of the Etherm Network's excessive Gas fees, as well as a new game called XGOLD.
但从波场浏览器数据来看，Forsage波场版平均每日活跃地址也在1000-2000之间，与以太坊数据相加也远远低于巅峰期超2万的日活。
However, according to the wave court browser data, the Forsage waveboard version also averages between 1,000 and 2000 per day, and is well below the peak of 20,000 days.
02
入华的打法
Forsage官网尽管设有8个语言版本，但长期没有中文页面，这也导致了该项目早期在中国市场的发展非常缓慢。
The Forsage network, although available in eight languages, has not had a Chinese page for a long time, which has also contributed to the very slow development of the project in the Chinese market at an early stage.
但从8月初开始，一个名为「魔豹联盟」的组织开始大范围为Forsage项目造势，整理出大量关于Forsage的中文资料以及参与攻略，一方面在贵阳、长沙、成都等中西部城市举办线下活动，一方面通过微博、币圈媒体网站、电报群等渠道转化感兴趣的用户，组织讨论Forsage的社群。
Since the beginning of August, however, an organization called the Sorcerer's Alliance began to build momentum for the Forsage project on a large scale, compiling a large amount of Chinese-language information on Forsage and participating in the campaign by organizing offline events in central and western cities such as Guiyang, Changsha and Chengdu, on the one hand, and transforming interested users through channels such as microblogging, currency-circle media sites, telegrams and so on, on the other hand, to organize discussions about the Forsage community.
链捕手近期通过在部分网络渠道发现的微信号添加了多名Forsage所谓的社区布道者，它们每天都会在朋友圈以及微信群发布钱包地址收到大额「滑落」ETH的截图，以及线下各种宣传活动的图片，号召大家一起「捡以太坊」。
The chain catcher recently added a number of so-called community sermons in Forsage through micro signals found in some of the web channels, who daily receive a large "sliding" ETH screenshot in their circle of friends and micro-blogging addresses, as well as pictures of various propaganda activities under the line, calling on all of us to pick up the Etheria.
不过进一步分析可见，这些「赚大钱」的截图都存在不少猫腻。据链捕手记者发现，许多截图实际上都没有日期显示，有不同的推广者在不同的日期利用内容完全一样的截图在朋友圈喊单宣传，制造每天都有用户收到大量ETH「滑落」的假象。
But further analysis shows that there are a lot of nausea in these "making big money" screenshots. The chain catchers find that many of the screenshots actually have no dates to show that different promoters of
不过据链捕手记者观察，目前每天还有许多新用户加入社群，2天总计超过百人入群。记者还添加了群内多名用户，观望者、参与者均有不少，参与者除了一人声称赚了许多ETH外，其余两人目前都未回本。
However, as the chain-catcher journalist observes, there are many new users joining the community every day, totalling more than 100 people for two days. Journalists have added more users, many visitors and participants, and none of them, except one who claims to have earned much of the ETH, has yet returned.
一名熟悉Forsage的参与者丹丹（化名）告诉链捕手，他在8月底就从深圳的币圈朋友那里了解到这个项目，当时就投进去1.6个ETH左右，但之后意识到这个项目的「拉人头」本质后就没有继续参与了。
Dandan, a participant familiar with Forsage, told the chain catcher that he had learned about the project from his ring friends in Shenzhen at the end of August and had dropped in about 1.6 ETHs, but then realized the nature of the project's “pull head” and did not continue to participate.
「对于我们这些懂行、懂区块链的人，玩盘圈项目能有更高的收益率，Forsage不仅静态收益低，还很伤人脉。」丹丹补充说道，「对于行业外的用户，智能合约、去中心化钱包等概念都是很高的进入门槛，转化率终究会很有限，算不上好项目。」
“For those of us who know how to work and understand the chain of blocks, there is a higher rate of return for the play-circle project, and Forsage is not only a low rate of static returns, but also a very damaging subject.” Dandan added, “The concepts of intellectual contracts, decentralized wallets, etc., are high entry thresholds for users outside the industry, and the rate of transformation will ultimately be very limited and will not be a good project.”
根据社区宣传资料，目前Forsage在中国区大概有3万多名参与者，再考虑到近期该项目在以太坊浏览器上的活跃地址、交易笔数等数据并没有起色，可以认为Forsage在中国的市场拓展算不上顺利，Forsage模式在全球市场的表现亦是如此。
According to community information materials, Forsage currently has more than 30,000 participants in the Chinese district, and given that data on the project's active address on the Etherm browser, number of transactional pens, etc., have not improved recently, it can be assumed that Forsage's market expansion in China has not been successful, as has the performance of the Forsage model in the global market.
Ethereum浏览器对Forsage合约的数据统计
Etheium Browser Data Statistics on the Forsage Contract
即便如此，Forsage近期仍然稳居以太坊众多重要数据榜前列，这不仅反映出以太坊在应用落地方面的尴尬，也折射出以太坊作为去中心化平台难免被部分骗局利用的无奈，有待于技术开发者、监管层、媒体等多方力量共同出力解决这些问题。
Even so, Forsage has recently remained at the forefront of many important data sets in the Tails, reflecting not only the embarrassment of using the Tails as a ground for application, but also the incompetence of using them as a platform for de-centreization, which will inevitably be used by some of the scams and will need to be addressed jointly by technology developers, regulatory authorities, the media and others.
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